The study details how a large state teaching hospital in South Africa responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding their intensive care unit (ICU) capacity from 25 to 54 beds, facing various resource constraints.
Key elements for success included effective pre-planning, strong leadership, teamwork, and clear communication.
Despite increasing ICU admissions, the hospital faced a significant nursing staff shortage, and while a high flow nasal oxygen service helped reduce the need for ICU admissions, patients requiring intubation after failing this treatment had a poor prognosis.
Up to 32% of COVID-19 pneumonia patients may need ICU care; this study focuses on those needing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in South Africa.
A total of 461 patients were admitted over one year, with 380 meeting criteria and 377 having known outcomes; the median age was 51 years, and common comorbidities included diabetes and hypertension.
The study found a 30.8% hospital survival rate, with factors like male sex, older age, and higher SOFA scores linked to increased mortality risk.