A smartphone dongle for diagnosis of infectious diseases at the point of care.

This work demonstrates that a full laboratory-quality immunoassay can be run on a smartphone accessory. This low-cost dongle replicates all mechanical, optical, and electronic functions of a laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) without requiring any stored energy; all necessary power is drawn from a smartphone. Rwandan health care workers used the dongle to test whole blood obtained via fingerprick from 96 patients enrolling into care at prevention of mother-to-child transmission clinics or voluntary counseling and testing centers.

Effect of multiple freeze and thaw cycles on the sensitivity of IgG and IgM immunoglobulins in the sera of patients with syphilis.

We describe the effects of multiple freeze and thaw cycles on the sensitivity of the immunoglobulins IgG and IgM measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays in the sera of patients with syphilis. Stored frozen sera can withstand repeated freezing and thawing cycles with a minimal detrimental effect on the sensitivity of the sera.

Evaluation of a digital flocculation reader for the rapid plasma reagin test for the serological diagnosis of syphilis.

We described the ASiManager-AT digital flocculation reader to demonstrate concordance between visual and digital readings of the rapid plasma reagin test for detection of antibodies in the serum of patients with syphilis. A qualitative and quantitative rapid plasma reagin was performed on each serum samples giving a concordance of 98.6% and 99.

Novel point-of-care test for simultaneous detection of nontreponemal and treponemal antibodies in patients with syphilis.

We describe a point-of-care immunochromatographic test for the simultaneous detection of both nontreponemal and treponemal antibodies in the sera of patients with syphilis that acts as both a screening and a confirmatory test. A total of 1,601 banked serum samples were examined by the dual test, and the results were compared to those obtained using a quantitative rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and the Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay. Compared to the RPR test, the reactive concordance of the dual test nontreponemal line was 98.

The potential of backscattering interferometry as an in vitro clinical diagnostic tool for the serological diagnosis of infectious disease.

Backscattering interferometry enables the detection of syphilis antibody-antigen interactions in the presence of human serum, showing promise as a diagnostic tool for the serological diagnosis of infectious disease with potentially quantitative capabilities.

Defibrination of blood plasma for use in serological tests for syphilis.

Syphilitic plasma can be salvaged from discarded blood donations and converted to serum by defibrination. Sixty-nine units of plasma were treated with a stock solution of 100 U of thrombin per ml in 1 M calcium chloride and then with a 10% (wt/vol) solution of kaolin. Fibrinogen concentrations detected in initial plasma samples ranged from 94 to 4970 mg/liter (mean, 2532 mg/liter) for samples that were reactive by the rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) and from 314 to 2742 mg/liter (mean 1528 mg/liter) for samples that were not reactive by the RPR.