Predrawn prehospital medications are microbiologically safe for up to 48 hours.

Background: Prehospital medical teams are commonly required to administer a range of medications for urgent stabilisation and treatment. The safe preparation of medications during resuscitation requires attention, time and resources, and can be a source of medication error. In our two road and HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service) prehospital services, medication errors are mitigated by predrawing commonly used medications to set concentrations daily (Hunter Retrieval Service, HRS) or second-daily (CareFlight Sydney, CFS).

Intestinal parasites from the 2nd-5th century AD latrine in the Roman Baths at Sagalassos (Turkey).

The aim of this research was to determine the species of intestinal parasite present in a Roman Imperial period population in Asia Minor, and to use this information to improve our understanding of health in the eastern Mediterranean region in Roman times. We analyzed five samples from the latrines of the Roman bath complex at Sagalassos, Turkey. Fecal biomarker analysis using 5β-stanols has indicated the feces were of human origin.

Rapid Identification of microbes in positive blood cultures by use of the vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system.

Sepsis is a major cause of death worldwide among nonhospitalized people and hospitalized patients. A wide range of pathogens are involved, and the correct identification and correct antimicrobial therapy are critical to ensure optimal clinical outcomes. With the recent introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), rapid identification of bacteria and fungi is now possible.