Gap formation and dynamics after long-term steady state in an old-growth stand in Norway: Above- and belowground interactions.

Stand dynamics and the gap initiation prior to gap formation are not well-understood because of its long-term nature and the scarcity of late-successional stands. Reconstruction of such disturbance is normally based on historical records and dendroecological methods. We investigated gap initiation and formation at the fine-scale stand level in the old-growth reserve of Karlshaugen in Norway.

Uptake and translocation of organophosphates and other emerging contaminants in food and forage crops.

Emerging contaminants in wastewater and sewage sludge spread on agricultural soil can be transferred to the human food web directly by uptake into food crops or indirectly following uptake into forage crops. This study determined uptake and translocation of the organophosphates tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (log Kow 2.59), triethyl-chloro-phosphate (TCEP) (log Kow 1.

Manipulation of precipitation in small headwater catchments at Storgama, Norway: effects on leaching of organic carbon and nitrogen species.

Projected changes in climate in Southern Norway include increases in summer and autumn precipitation. This may affect leaching of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils. Effects of experimentally added extra precipitation (10 mm week) during the growing season of 3 years (2004-2006) to small headwater catchments at Storgama (59 degrees 0'N, 550-600 m a.

Natural variability in soil and runoff from small headwater catchments at Storgama, Norway.

To provide baseline data for climate manipulation experiments in 11 small (30-268 m2) headwater catchments at Storgama, Telemark County, Southern Norway, we assessed the natural variability in site characteristics and runoff quality. Annual average concentrations in runoff at the sites have coefficients of variation between 26-61%, with the smallest values for total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios and the largest for inorganic nitrogen (N). The catchments have between two and five times higher concentrations of inorganic N, TOC, and total phosphorus than the larger (0.

Effect of climate change on flux of N and C: air-land-freshwater-marine links: synthesis.

Projected climate change might increase the deposition of nitrogen by about 10% to seminatural ecosystems in southern Norway. At Storgama, increased precipitation in the growing season increased the fluxes of total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) in proportion to the water flux. In winter, soil temperatures near 0 degrees C, common under a snowpack, induced higher runoff of inorganic nitrogen (N) and lower runoff of TOC.

Mineralization of organic sulfur delays recovery from anthropogenic acidification.

While SO4(2-) concentrations in runoff are decreasing in many catchments in Europe, present day S output still exceeds the S input for most forested catchments in Europe and North America. Here we report that a large part of the observed SO4(2-) in the runoff at a large-scale catchment study site (the Gårdsjön roof experiment in southwestern Sweden) originates from the organic S pool in the O horizon. Budget estimates comparing soil S pools showed reductions in the S pool of 57 mmol of S m(-2) in the O horizon and 26 mmol of SO4(2-) m(-2) in the mineral Bs horizon after excluding anthropogenic deposition for four years.