[Uveitis and tattoos].

The complications of tattoos are multiple and known for many years. However, their success explains their exponential multiplication in all countries. This confirmed the development of two new complications: a localized or remote skin sarcoidosis reaction, as well as the development of clinical and histological uveitis.

Allosteric modulation of the substrate specificity of acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2.

The esterification of alcohols with fatty acids is a universal mechanism to form inert storage forms of sterols, di- and triacylglycerols, and retinoids. In ocular tissues, formation of retinyl esters is an essential step in the enzymatic regeneration of the visual chromophore (11--retinal). Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), also known as multifunctional -acyltransferase (MFAT), is an integral membrane enzyme with a broad substrate specificity that has been shown to preferentially esterify 11--retinol and thus contribute to formation of a readily available pool of retinoids in the eye.

[Ethical and legal aspects of telemedicine].

The recent development of telemedicine, i.e. the use of communication technologies to transfer medical information, raises special ethical and legal issues.

[Keratoconus].

Keratoconus is a slowly progressive, non-inflammatory disorder of the eye characterized by thinning and protrusion of the cornea. Typically diagnosed in the patient's adolescent years, keratoconus may lead to substantial distortion of vision primarily from irregular astigmatism and myopia, and secondarily from corneal scarring. The classic histopathologic features include breaks in Bowman's layer and thinning of the corneal stroma.

Whole exome sequencing identifies a mutation for a novel form of corneal intraepithelial dyskeratosis.

Background: Corneal intraepithelial dyskeratosis is an extremely rare condition. The classical form, affecting Native American Haliwa-Saponi tribe members, is called hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID). Herein, we present a new form of corneal intraepithelial dyskeratosis for which we identified the causative gene by using deep sequencing technology.

[Keratoconus, the most common corneal dystrophy. Can keratoplasty be avoided?].

Keratoconus is the most common form of corneal dystrophy. It consists of a non inflammatory progressive thinning process that leads to conical ectasia of the cornea, causing high myopia and astigmatism. In more advanced cases, opacities can be seen at the apex of the cone.

[Sutureless transconjunctival 20-gauge vitrectomy].

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 20-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy for a variety of vitreoretinal conditions.

Patients And Methods: This study was a retrospective clinical case series examining 29 eyes of 29 patients treated with 20-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. The main outcome measures included intraocular pressure, visual acuity, surgical time, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

[Intravitreal bevacizumab pretreatment in vitrectomy for severe diabetic retinopathy: a series of six cases].

Introduction: Bevacizumab (Avastin(®), Roche) is a full-length humanized monoclonal antibody applicable to all subtypes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The purpose of this study was to report the results of its use as a surgical additive in severe cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Patients And Method: This retrospective study focused on six eyes of six patients with complicated diabetic retinopathy.

A randomized comparison of pupil-centered versus vertex-centered ablation in LASIK correction of hyperopia.

Purpose: To compare visual and optical outcomes of pupil-centered vs vertex-centered ablation in patients undergoing laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia.

Design: Randomized, double-masked, prospective, single-center trial.

Setting: Institutional practice.

Risk factors for development of choroidal detachment after scleral buckling procedure.

Purpose: To determine risk factors of choroidal detachment after scleral buckling procedure for treatment of retinal detachment.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective study of 69 consecutive cases of retinal detachment from January 2007 to January 2008 treated by scleral buckling surgery.

[Predictive factors for successful Ferrara intracorneal ring segment implantation in keratoconus].

Objective: To define predictive factors after manual implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (Ferrara ring) for the management of keratoconus.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with keratoconus were implanted with Ferrara intracorneal ring segments using a mechanical procedure. We measured corneal ring implantation depth, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), as well as refractive and keratometric outcomes.

[Corneal allograft rejection after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK): report of three cases].

Introduction: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is an exciting alternative to standard full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for the treatment of patients suffering from endothelial failure of the cornea. Corneal transplant rejection is the leading cause of endothelial failure after PK. While DSAEK may reduce the risk of corneal allograft rejection, endothelial rejection can still occur.

Fixed dilated pupil (urrets-zavalia syndrome) and anterior subcapsular cataract formation after descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report a fixed dilated pupil and anterior subcapsular cataract formation following Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods: A 47-year-old man with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy underwent DSAEK of the right eye. The preoperative slit lamp examination was normal.

[Corneal lamellar graft. Back to the future].

Transplantation of all of the corneal layers (penetrating keratoplasty) is the most common corneal grafting method, regardless of the indication. The surgical procedure is relatively simple but penetrating keratoplasty has several potential complications: --Unnecessary replacement of healthy recipient endothelium in diseases affecting only the anterior layers carries a risk of immune rejection. --Replacement of the anterior part of the cornea in diseases affecting only the posterior layers delays visual recovery Lamellar keratoplasty consists of replacing only the diseased corneal layers.

[Survey of complications in Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in 32 eyes].

Objective: To report complications during and after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in 32 eyes at a single academic center with two techniques for delivering the endothelial corneal graft.

Patients And Methods: Outcomes from a single center of 32 consecutives cases of DSAEK were analyzed prospectively. In the first 23 patients, the endothelial graft underwent single-fold delivery with forceps, and in the remaining nine patients, the graft was delivered with the Busin glide-based technique.

[Severe bacterial keratitis. A clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic study].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the epidemiologic and microbiologic features and to define the risk factors of hospitalized cases of bacterial keratitis in the Toulouse University Hospital Center of Ophthalmology (France).

Methods: This was a retrospective study including all cases of serious bacterial keratitis hospitalized between January 2006 and November 2007. Epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical factors such as age, reasons for hospitalization, visual loss, and risk factors were described.

[Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the corneoscleral limbus].

An 18-year-old patient presented with a solitary limbal tumor on his left eye that had appeared and increased in size for 3 weeks. This mass did not display any extension into the anterior chamber on gonioscopy. Excisional biopsy by lamellar sclerokeratectomy was carried out and the lesion was sent for histologic examination.

[Corneal collagen cross-linking with ultraviolet-A light and riboflavin for the treatment of progressive keratoconus].

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of riboflavin- and ultraviolet-A (UV-A)-induced collagen cross-linking (CXL) on progressive keratoconus.

Patients And Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with progressive keratoconus were included in a prospective, nonrandomized pilot study. The preoperative progression of keratoconus was documented by an increase in maximum keratometry (Kmax) on serial corneal topographies.

AcrySof phakic angle-supported intraocular lens for the correction of moderate-to-high myopia: one-year results of a multicenter European study.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of the AcrySof phakic angle-supported intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) for correction of moderate-to-high myopia in adults.

Design: One-year interim analysis of a phase 3, nonrandomized, open-label, prospective, multicenter European clinical study.

Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in a child with descemet membrane breaks after forceps delivery.

Purpose: To report the use of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and to treat visual loss in Descemet membrane (DM) breaks after forceps delivery.

Methods: An 8-year-old boy presented with unilateral DM ruptures secondary to forceps delivery. Central, vertically oriented DM breaks significantly decreased visual acuity.

[Deep lamellar anterior keratoplasty].

Penetrating keratoplasty is the most common method of corneal graft no matter which pathology is present. The surgical procedure is easy but unnecessary substitution of healthy recipient endothelium in diseases affecting only the anterior layers exposes the patient to the risk of immunologic rejection. Lamellar keratoplasty was the first procedure described.

Esotropias that totally resolve under general anesthesia treated exclusively with bilateral fadenoperation.

Purpose: Fadenoperation has been proven to be an efficient method to treat convergence excess because it treats medial rectus (MR) overaction. We wanted to evaluate its efficiency in esotropias that totally disappear under anesthesia, regardless of the amount of deviation in waking hours.

Methods: Included were 122 successive cases of children of ages 3 to 16 years with esotropia that completely disappears under general anesthesia (GA), representing 26.

[Botulinum injection in infantile strabismus. Results and incidence on secondary surgery in a long-term survey of 74 cases treated before 36 months of age].

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of early treatment of infantile strabismus with botulinum toxin A injection and its incidence on secondary oculomotor surgery.

Patients And Methods: A cohort of 74 cases of children presenting infantile strabismus, aged 7-36 months (mean, 18 months), received no more than two injections of 5 IU of botulinum in both medial recti. Secondary surgery was performed when horizontal and/or vertical deviation persisted.