Relative-to-resident abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study.

Background: In community settings, relatives often provide care to their older family members, which is sometimes perceived as a high burden, overwhelming and stressful, contributing to an increased risk of elder abuse. In most countries, relatives have no legal obligation to provide care when family members are admitted to nursing homes; nevertheless, studies have shown that relatives continue to provide emotional, instrumental, and personal care after admission, often related to the understaffing and high workload of nursing staff. Despite the growing interest in elder abuse in nursing homes, most studies have concentrated on the abuse perpetrated by nursing staff or co-residents, but few studies have explored the abuse that relatives may perpetrate.

Scoping review of economic evaluations of assistive technology globally.

The paper presents a scoping review of existing economic evaluations of assistive technology (AT). The study methodology utilized a PRISMA flow approach with final included studies that met an adapted PICOS framework. Types of economic evaluations employed, study type and rigor and domains of AT impact were considered and analyzed.

Using locational data in a novel mixed-methods sequence design: Identifying critical health care barriers for people with disabilities in Malawi.

The primary aim of this study was to determine which health care barriers were most important for people with disabilities in Malawi. To accomplish this, we devised a sequential mixed-methods research design that integrated locational survey data and qualitative data from field studies. Our secondary aim was to evaluate this research design not only as a design-solution to our particular research objective, but as a tool with more general applicability within social sciences.

Factors associated with staff-to-resident abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study.

Background: Elder abuse is a public health problem that is gaining attention due to its serious impacts on people's health and well-being, and it is predicted to increase along with the world's rapidly ageing population. Staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon associated with multiple factors on different levels of the ecological model. This study aimed to explore individual, relational, and institutional characteristics associated with perpetrated staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes, using a multilevel hierarchical approach.

Addressing data deficiencies in assistive technology by using statistical matching methodology: a case study from Malawi.

Purpose: To address the data gap on efforts to assess use of assistive technology among children with disability in sub-Saharan Africa. Contribute towards efforts examining access to assistive technologies in sub-Saharan Africa.

Materials And Methods: The paper uses data from the 2017 survey on Living conditions among persons with disabilities in Malawi and the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health survey to address the objective of the study.

Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study.

Background: Resident-to-resident aggression in nursing homes is a public health problem of growing concern, impacting the safety, health and well-being of all residents involved. Despite this, little research has been conducted on its occurrence particularly in large-scale national studies. The aim of this study was to explore the extent and nature of resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes, as reported by nursing staff.

Elder abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study.

Background: Elder abuse is a global public health and human rights problem that is predicted to increase as many countries experience a rapid growth in their population of older adults. Elder abuse undermines an older person's well-being and is associated with a range of serious health consequences. In institutional care settings, older residents are particularly vulnerable and hence at higher risk of being abused, but few countries have explored the extent and nature of this phenomenon in national studies.

The perceived needs-access gap for health services among persons with disabilities in a rural area within South Africa.

Health should be a universal phenomenon. However, little is known about the relationship between disability status and health issues - particularly in rural areas. This study looks at health issues of persons with disabilities in Madwaleni, a rural impoverished area in South Africa in 2011, and compares them to persons with no disabilities.

Prevalence of HIV infection among people with disabilities: a population-based observational study in Yaoundé, Cameroon (HandiVIH).

Background: In resource-limited settings, people with disabilities have been left behind in the response to HIV. In the HandiVIH study, we estimate and compare HIV prevalence and associated risk factors between people with and without disabilities.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based, observational study, we used two-phase random sampling to recruit adults with disabilities and a control group matched for age, sex, and residential location from households of the general population.

A household perspective on access to health care in the context of HIV and disability: a qualitative case study from Malawi.

Background: Equitable access to health care is a challenge in many low-income countries. The most vulnerable segments of any population face increased challenges, as their vulnerability amplifies problems of the general population. This implies a heavy burden on informal care-givers in their immediate and extended households.

HandiVIH--A population-based survey to understand the vulnerability of people with disabilities to HIV and other sexual and reproductive health problems in Cameroon: protocol and methodological considerations.

Introduction: In resource-limited countries, people with disabilities seem to be particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to barriers to accessing information and services, frequent exposure to sexual violence and social exclusion. However, they have often been left behind in the HIV response, probably because of the lack of reliable epidemiological data measuring this vulnerability. Multiple challenges in conducting good quality epidemiological surveys on people with disabilities require innovative methods to better understand the link between disability and HIV.

Importance of participation in major life areas matters for return to work.

Introduction: The complexity of the process and outcome of vocational rehabilitation yearns for a multifaceted approach. This article investigates whether importance of participation in major life areas for men and women predicts the outcome of vocational rehabilitation.

Methods: This longitudinal study provides measure points at the start of the intervention (T1), at the end of the intervention (T2) and at a follow-up 6-12 months after completing the rehabilitation program (T3).

Gender differences in the importance of participation associated with injured workers/persons perceived barriers to returning to work in the context of vocational rehabilitation.

Purpose: To investigate gender differences in the importance of participation in core domains of life, and the association to perceived hindrances for return to work (RTW) before (T1) and after (T2) vocational rehabilitation.

Methods: Two hundred-seventy (T1) and 149 (T2) respondents completed the questionnaire. Gender differences in the importance of participation were calculated using t-tests.

Disability associated with exposure to traumatic events: results from a cross-sectional community survey in South Sudan.

Background: There is a general lack of knowledge regarding disability and especially factors that are associated with disability in low-income countries. We aimed to study the overall and gender-specific prevalence of disability, and the association between exposure to traumatic events and disability in a post-conflict setting.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional community based study of four Greater Bahr el Ghazal States, South Sudan (n = 1200).

Inclusion of vulnerable groups in health policies: Regional policies on health priorities in Africa.

Background: If access to equitable health care is to be achieved for all, policy documents must mention and address in some detail different needs of groups vulnerable to not accessing such health care. If these needs are not addressed in the policy documents, there is little chance that they will be addressed at the stage of implementation.

Objectives: This paper reports on an analysis of 11 African Union (AU) policy documents to ascertain the frequency and the extent of mention of 13 core concepts in relation to 12 vulnerable groups, with a specific focus on people with disabilities.

Understanding experiences of participation among men and women with chronic musculoskeletal pain in vocational rehabilitation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to provide knowledge about participation and change in participation among men and women experiencing chronic musculoskeletal pain and undergoing multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation.

Participants: Six women and four men participating in a vocational rehabilitation intervention.

Method: Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews.

HIV issues and people with disabilities: a review and agenda for research.

The recent AIDS and Disability Partners Forum at the UN General Assembly High Level Meetings on AIDS in New York in June 2011 and the International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC in July 2012 underscores the growing attention to the impact of HIV and AIDS on persons with disabilities. However, research on AIDS and disability, particularly a solid evidence base upon which to build policy and programming remains thin, scattered and difficult to access. In this review paper, we summarise what is currently known about the intersection between HIV and AIDS and disability, paying particular attention to the small but emerging body of epidemiology data on the prevalence of HIV for people with disabilities, as well as the increasing understanding of HIV risk factors for people with disabilities.

The mental health of internally displaced persons: an epidemiological study of adults in two settlements in Central Sudan.

Aims: There is a scarcity of data on mental health problems among Sudanese internally displaced persons (IDPs). This study aims to assess the prevalence of mental disorders of IDPs in Sudan, and to determine and compare the association between mental disorders and socio-demographic variables between the rural and urban long-term IDP populations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was implemented in two IDP areas in Central Sudan.

Challenges to providing HIV prevention education to youth with disabilities in South Africa.

Purpose: In South Africa, little is known how HIV prevention education is implemented in schools for learners with disabilities. This article reports on findings from a study exploring the extent to which HIV education is reached to people with disabilities in South Africa, and the challenges faced by educators providing HIV prevention education to learners with disabilities.

Method: A survey questionnaire completed by 34 schools for learners with special education needs in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Disabled persons' knowledge of HIV prevention and access to health care prevention services in South Africa.

The main research question in this article is how access to information about HIV/AIDS and level of HIV/AIDS prevention related knowledge are distributed among disabled people, and whether level of knowledge predicts access to HIV/AIDS related services. A survey was carried out among a sample of 285 disabled people from three provinces in South Africa. Analyses of the data revealed that gender and level of education, together with geographical differences, are key predictors for access to information and knowledge about HIV/AIDS among disabled people.

Professional carers' perspectives on participation for older adults living in place.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide knowledge about professional carers' subjective descriptions and understanding of older adults' participation in everyday life, when living in place and depending on home-based service delivery.

Method: Thirty professionals from different organisational levels were selected, allowing for differences in ages, gender, length of working experience, and profession or education. Six focus group discussions were held.

HIV/AIDS and disability organisations in South Africa.

Despite the seriousness of the HIV epidemic globally, and in South Africa in particular, little is known about how HIV/AIDS affects disabled people. One important and little explored area is the role that organisations that represent disabled people or that work on behalf of disabled people, are playing in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic among the disabled people they represent or serve. This paper presents the findings of a nationwide survey of disability organisations in South Africa.

User participation in community mental health services: exploring the experiences of users and professionals.

Increased user participation and community integration are central aims for contemporary mental health policy in many countries. User participation in community mental health services is developed through practice; from interaction between service-users and professionals working on the ground level. Despite this, there is a lack of research exploring users' and professionals' experiences and views based on the practice of user participation.

HIV/AIDS and disability in Southern Africa: a review of relevant literature.

Purpose. HIV/AIDS has grown to become the biggest epidemic in modern history. Southern Africa is at the epicentre of the global epidemic, with just of a third of the world's HIV-positive population living here.