The anergic state in sarcoidosis is associated with diminished dendritic cell function.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized by granuloma formation similar to tuberculosis, but without clear evidence of a microbial infection. Because sarcoidosis is linked with clinical anergy and other evidence of diminished cellular immunity, we hypothesized that decreased skin delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to recall Ags in affected individuals would be associated with decreased function of their blood dendritic cells (DCs). Our study involved ex vivo isolation, phenotyping, and functional testing of myeloid DCs (mDCs), plasmacytoid DCs, and T lymphocytes from blood of normal healthy volunteers and sarcoidosis subjects with active, untreated pulmonary disease.

Insulin augments matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytes.

Objective: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), highly expressed in activated mononuclear cells in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, are the main proteolytic enzymes controlling plaque stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of monocyte MMP-9 by insulin.