Shifts in the relationship between mRNA and protein abundance of gill ion-transporters during smolt development and seawater acclimation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Smolting Atlantic salmon exhibit a seasonal increase in seawater tolerance that is associated with changes in the abundance of major gill ion-transporter transcripts and proteins. In the present study, we investigate how the transcript and protein abundance of specific ion-transporter isoforms relate to each other during smolt development and seawater acclimation, and how each correlates to seawater tolerance. We show that during smolt development both mRNA and protein abundance of gill Na/K-ATPase α1a subunit (NKAα1a) decreased but the decrease in the mRNA was five-times greater than that of the protein.

Differential regulation of sodium-potassium pump isoforms during smolt development and seawater exposure of Atlantic salmon.

Freshwater and seawater isoforms of the alpha subunit of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) have previously been identified in gill ionocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In the present study we examine the abundance and cellular localization of these isoforms during the parr-smolt transformation, a developmental process that is preparatory for seawater entry. The abundance of NKAα1a was lower in smolts than in parr, remained relatively constant during spring and decreased in summer.

Information about adverse drug reactions reported in children: a qualitative review of empirical studies.

Aim: To review the literature on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children with respect to occurrence, seriousness, type, therapeutic group, age and gender of the child and category of reporter.

Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched from origin and updated until February 2010. We included empirically based articles on ADRs in populations aged 0 to 17 years.

Survey of patient and physician assessment of a compliance reminder device in the treatment of hypertension.

Low compliance to therapeutic regimens can have serious impact on patient health. A variety of technologies such as tablet dispensers and reminders has been developed to improve compliance. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance of patients and physicians with regard to the functions and usefulness of a reminder device.

Electronic monitoring of patient adherence to oral antihypertensive medical treatment: a systematic review.

Poor patient adherence is often the reason for suboptimal blood pressure control. Electronic monitoring is one method of assessing adherence. The aim was to systematically review the literature on electronic monitoring of patient adherence to self-administered oral antihypertensive medications.

Tissue-specific requirements for specific domains in the FERM protein Moe/Epb4.1l5 during early zebrafish development.

Background: The FERM domain containing protein Mosaic Eyes (Moe) interacts with Crumbs proteins, which are important regulators of apical identity and size. In zebrafish, loss-of-function mutations in moe result in defects in brain ventricle formation, retinal pigmented epithelium and neural retinal development, pericardial edema, and tail curvature. In humans and mice, there are two major alternately spliced isoforms of the Moe orthologue, Erythrocyte Protein Band 4.

Mosaic Eyes is a novel component of the Crumbs complex and negatively regulates photoreceptor apical size.

Establishment of apical-basal cell polarity has emerged as an important process during development, and the Crumbs complex is a major component of this process in Drosophila. By comparison, little is known about the role of Crumbs (Crb) proteins in vertebrate development. We show that the FERM protein Mosaic Eyes (Moe) is a novel regulatory component of the Crumbs complex.

Auxilin-dynamin interactions link the uncoating ATPase chaperone machinery with vesicle formation.

The large GTPase dynamin is required for budding of clathrin-coated vesicles from the plasma membrane, after which the clathrin coat is removed by the chaperone Hsc70 and its cochaperone auxilin. Recent evidence suggests that the GTP-bound form of dynamin may recruit factors that execute the fission reaction. Here, we show that dynamin:GTP binds to Hsc70 and auxilin.