Detection of Cellular Senescence Reveals the Existence of Senescent Tumor Cells within Invasive Breast Carcinomas and Related Metastases.

Oncogene-induced senescence is thought to constitute a barrier to carcinogenesis by arresting cells at risk of malignant transformation. However, numerous findings suggest that senescent cells may conversely promote tumor growth and metastatic progression, for example, through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) they produce. Here, we investigated the degree to which senescent tumor cells exist within untreated human primary breast carcinomas and whether the presence of senescent cancer cells in primary tumors is recapitulated in their matched lymph node metastases.

Treatment of Early Breast Cancer Patients: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus: Focusing on Systemic Therapy - German Experts' Opinions for the 16th International St. Gallen Consensus Conference (Vienna 2019).

A German working group of leading breast cancer experts have discussed the votes at the International St. Gallen Consensus Conference in Vienna for the treatment of primary breast cancer with regard to the German AGO (Ar-beitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie) recommendations for clinical practice in Germany. Three of the German breast cancer experts were also members of this year's St.

Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus: Spectrum of Opinion of German Specialists on the 16th St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference (Vienna 2019).

The results of the international St. Gallen Consensus Conference for the treatment of patients with primary breast cancer were discussed this year by a working group of leading breast cancer experts in view of the therapy recommendations for everyday clinical practice in Germany. Three of the breast cancer experts are also members of this year's St.

3.0 Tesla breast magnetic resonance imaging in patients with nipple discharge when mammography and ultrasound fail.

Objectives: To compare 3.0 Tesla breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with galactography for detection of benign and malignant causes of nipple discharge in patients with negative mammography and ultrasound.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 56 breasts of 50 consecutive patients with nipple discharge who had inconspicuous mammography and ultrasound, using 3.

Anti-tumour activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinase antagonist AEZS-126 in models of ovarian cancer.

Purpose: Platinum resistance is the most crucial problem for treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a clinical need for new treatment strategies which overcome platinum resistance. Recently high level of AKT was shown to be involved in platinum resistance and furthermore in resistance against Natural-killer (NK)-cell mediated killing in ovarian cancer.

Enhanced Orai1 and STIM1 expression as well as store operated Ca2+ entry in therapy resistant ovary carcinoma cells.

Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance of tumor cells include protein kinase Akt. Putative Akt targets include store-operated Ca(2+)-entry (SOCE) accomplished by pore forming ion channel unit Orai1 and its regulator STIM1. We explored whether therapy resistant (A2780cis) differ from therapy sensitive (A2780) ovary carcinoma cells in Akt, Orai1, and STIM1 expression, Ca(2+)-signaling and cell survival following cisplatin (100 µM) treatment.

The effect of Cordyceps extract and a mixture of Ganoderma lucidum/Agaricus Blazi Murill extract on human endometrial cancer cell lines in vitro.

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Nevertheless there is a lack of curative therapies, especially for patients diagnosed with late stage, recurrent or aggressive disease, who have a poor prognosis. Cordyceps Sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus Blazi Murill are three fungi widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and effects as adjuvants in tumour therapy have been demonstrated.

Anti-CD39 and anti-CD73 antibodies A1 and 7G2 improve targeted therapy in ovarian cancer by blocking adenosine-dependent immune evasion.

The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade ATP to adenosine which inhibits immune responses via the A2A adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) on T and NK cells. The current study investigates the potential therapeutic use of the specific anti CD39- and anti CD73-antibodies A1 (CD39) and 7G2 (CD73) as these two ectonucleotidases are overexpressed in ovarian cancer (OvCA). As expected, NK cell cytotoxicity against the human ovarian cancer cell lines OAW-42 or SK-OV-3 was significantly increased in the presence of A1 or 7G2 antibody.

Amniotic fluid insulin and C-peptide as predictive markers for fetal macrosomia, birth injuries, and delivery complications?

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in 3-5% of all pregnancies. GDM increases both maternal and fetal risks, causes fetal macrosomia, and hence increases the rates of caesarean sections and delivery complications such as shoulder dystocia. An early predictive marker and consequent early treatment could be beneficial, so amniotic fluid insulin and C-peptide have been examined in several studies.

Mechanisms of tumor immune escape in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) with and without mutated BRCA 1.

Purpose: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are associated with an adverse outcome, although these tumors are sensitive to chemotherapy. In part, this phenomenon could be caused by tumor immune escape. The current study investigates immunogenicity of TNBC cells in vitro and the presence of immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment (pAKT and B7H1 expression, infiltration with regulatory T cells, [Tregs]).

[Should opioids be routinely used for the induction of general anaesthesia for caesarean section?].

The spinal anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia or combinations of these techniques (combined spinal epidural anaesthesia) so far remain the gold standard to facilitate caesarean section. For some reasons such as refusal by the patients, medical reasons or emergency caesarean section, a general anaesthesia can be necessary. In patients with preeclampsia hypertension during endotracheal intubation has to be avoided.

Must we press on until a young mother dies? Remifentanil patient controlled analgesia in labour may not be suited as a "poor man's epidural".

Background: The epidural route is still considered the gold standard for labour analgesia, although it is not without serious consequences when incorrect placement goes unrecognized, e.g. in case of intravascular, intrathecal and subdural placements.

Targeting breast cancer stem cells with HER2-specific antibodies and natural killer cells.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Every year, nearly 1.4 million new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed, and about 450.

Immune escape of AKT overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.

Platinum-resistance is the most crucial problem for treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a clinical need for new treatment strategies which overcome platinum resistance. As survival is strongly influenced by immunological parameters, immunotherapeutic strategies appear promising.

Anti-tumour activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinase antagonist AEZS 126 in models of triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Of more than one million global cases of breast cancer diagnosed each year, a high percentage are characterized as triple-negative, lacking the oestrogen, progesterone and Her2/neu receptors. The incidence exceeds the incidence of malignancies like CML by far. Lack of effective therapies, younger age at onset and early metastatic spread have contributed to the poor prognosis and outcomes associated with these malignancies.

HER2-targeted therapy in breast cancer: a systematic review of neoadjuvant trials.

Targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) during or in sequence with chemotherapy improves overall survival in metastatic and early HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. In this paper we systematically review neoadjuvant clinical trial data in HER2-positive breast cancer and discuss key unanswered clinical questions. All trials of HER2-targeted neoadjuvant therapy were identified through non-date-limited searches of PubMED® and Biosis® and congress abstract book searches from 2000-2011.

Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor levels in serum of patients with ovarian cancer correlates with poor prognosis.

Ovarian cancer is generally thought of as a cancer with poor prognosis. However, prognostic appraisal of the disease is based on tumor stages, surgical features or sensibility towards platinum-based chemotherapy. There are data that also grant immunological parameters such as CD8(+) T-lymphocyte-(CD8 T-cell) infiltration in tumor tissue, a prognostic role.

Dendritic cells: elegant arbiters in human reproduction.

The female reproductive tract represents a great challenge to the residing immune cells: Concomitantly, those immune-competent cells have to provide tolerogenic mechanisms favoring the development of a successful pregnancy while permitting protection against harmful pathogens. The predominant cell population facing this "double edged" regulatory capacity within the reproductive tract is that of dendritic cells (DC). There is evidence that DC represent a highly adaptive cell type, which can either be transformed in an immune-stimulatory phenotype after exposure to inflammatory or infectious signals, or in an immune inhibitory phenotype preventing T cell activation when located in an adequate antiinflammatory microenvironment.

Effects of lobaplatin as a single agent and in combination with TRAIL on the growth of triple-negative p53-mutated breast cancers in vitro.

Lobaplatin as a single agent and in combination with tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is investigated in in-vitro models of p53-negative triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and compared with a model of oestrogen receptor-positive p53-positive breast cancer. In addition, the induction of programmed cell death by lobaplatin is further explored. By using cell viability assays and western blotting, the cytotoxic effects of lobaplatin alone and in combination with TRAIL are compared with cisplatin in HCC 1806, HCC 1937, and MCF 7 cells.

Papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma of the vagina.

A case of a papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma (PSTCC) of the vagina with a follow-up of 3 years is presented here. The characteristics of this case support a squamous rather than urothelial origin of this rare entity. Unlike its counterparts in the cervix uteri, the clinical behavior of vaginal PSTCC is more favorable than squamous cell carcinoma.

Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on OvCA cells are potent adenosine-generating enzymes responsible for adenosine receptor 2A-dependent suppression of T cell function and NK cell cytotoxicity.

The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrade immune stimulatory ATP to adenosine that inhibits T and NK cell responses via the A(2A) adenosine receptor (ADORA2A). This mechanism is used by regulatory T cells (T(reg)) that are associated with increased mortality in OvCA. Immunohistochemical staining of human OvCA tissue specimens revealed further aberrant expression of CD39 in 29/36 OvCA samples, whereas only 1/9 benign ovaries showed weak stromal CD39 expression.

[Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) - recommendations for risk assessment, prophylaxis and therapy - results of an expert panel meeting].

Background: The aim was to update recommendations concerning the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for German speaking countries.

Methods: An expert panel produced evidence-based, consented statements graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN).

Results: Relevant risk factors for PONV include female gender, non-smoking status, history of PONV, history of motion sickness, use of intra- and postoperative opioids, volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide.

Cervical endometriosis associated with malignant pleural mesothelioma mimicking cervical cancer--Occam's razor or the "third man".

Objective: To illustrate pitfalls in the diagnosis of endometriosis and cervical cancer.

Design: Case report.

Setting: University hospital, department of obstetrics and gynecology.

Pregnancy-triggered antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient with multiple late miscarriages.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystemic disorder of coagulation-causing thrombosis in the arterial and venous system as well as pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery and pre-eclampsia. The disease is characterized by the autoimmune production of antibodies against phospholipid, a substance found in the cell membrane. We here report the case of a patient with four second trimester miscarriages, who apart from a heterozygous plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 mutation, had no risk factors explaining her condition.

Induction of programmed cell death by inhibition of AKT with the alkylphosphocholine perifosine in in vitro models of platinum sensitive and resistant ovarian cancers.

Purpose: We analyzed the anti-tumor effect and the mechanism of action of perifosine, an orally active alkylphospholipid AKT inhibitor using in vitro models of human ovarian cancer.

Methods: Ovarian cancer cells OAW42, PA-1, SKOV3, and A2780 as well as platinum resistant A2780cis cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of perifosine, with and without multi-caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK. The effect of a combined treatment with cisplatin and perifosine was investigated in OAW42, SKOV3, A2780 and A2780cis cells.