Synthesis and quantification of oligoesters migrating from starch-based food packaging materials.

The term oligomer refers to structurally diverse compounds coming from incomplete polymerisation or polymer degradation. Their ability to migrate into foodstuffs along with recent studies about their bioavailability and toxicity have risen concerns about the scarcity of standards needed to perform thorough analytical and toxicological studies. In this work, migration extracts of three starch-based biopolymers films for the packaging of fruits and vegetables were analysed according to European legislation 10/2011.

Comparative analysis of anticholinergic burden scales to explain iatrogenic cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: results from the multicenter FACE-SZ cohort.

Aim: The anticholinergic properties of medications are associated with poorer cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Numerous scales have been developed to assess anticholinergic burden and yet, there is no consensus indicating which anticholinergic burden scale is more relevant for patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to identify valid scales for estimating the risk of iatrogenic cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

O-GlcNAcylation levels remain stable regardless of the anaesthesia in healthy rats.

Anaesthetics are used daily in human and veterinary medicine as well as in scientific research. Anaesthetics have an impact on cell homeostasis especially through modulation of protein post-translational modifications. O-GlcNAcylation, a ubiquitous post-translational modification, plays a role in many biological processes.

A new synthetic route towards multifunctionalized cyclic amidrazones for feeding chemical space.

In the context of growing impetus to develop new molecular scaffolds as well as a variety of 3D fragments to escape from flatland, we have reintroduced the accessibility of the underexplored azaheterocyclic amidrazones as promising bioisosteres. Herein, we present an original and versatile approach to synthesize cyclic amidrazones functionalized at different positions of the scaffold in view of diversifying the substitution pattern towards multifunctionalization, extension or fusion of the ring system and 3D-shaping of fragments. This unprecedented synthetic route represents a sweet achievement to cover further lead-like chemical space.

Clickable Dynamic Bioinks Enable Post-Printing Modifications of Construct Composition and Mechanical Properties Controlled over Time and Space.

Bioprinting is a booming technology, with numerous applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, most biomaterials designed for bioprinting depend on the use of sacrificial baths and/or non-physiological stimuli. Printable biomaterials also often lack tunability in terms of their composition and mechanical properties.

Family psychoeducation to improve outcome in caregivers and patients with schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is recognized for its severe impact on both patients and caregivers. In a 12-month follow-up randomized clinical trial, we aimed to measure the efficacy of a brief family psychoeducation program in terms of reducing relapse risk and improving medication adherence in patients, as well as reducing caregiver burden, depression and increasing knowledge of the illness.

Methods: A total of 25 days of patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR) and family primary caregivers were recruited in a single regional psychiatric outpatient facility located in Bordeaux.

EPAC1 Pharmacological Inhibition with AM-001 Prevents SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Replication in Cells.

The exceptional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated an intense search for antiviral molecules. Host-targeted antiviral molecules have the potential of presenting broad-spectrum antiviral activity and are also considered as less likely to select for resistant viruses. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity exerted by AM-001, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of EPAC1, a host exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (cAMP).

Beneficial Effects of O-GlcNAc Stimulation in a Young Rat Model of Sepsis: Beyond Modulation of Gene Expression.

The young population, which is particularly at risk of sepsis, is, paradoxically, rarely studied. Acute stimulation of O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification involved in metabolic regulation, cell survival and stress response, is beneficial in young rats with sepsis. Considering that sepsis impacts the gene expression profile and that O-GlcNAcylation is a regulator of transcription, the aims of this study are to (i) unveil beneficial mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation and (ii) decipher the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and transcription during sepsis.

Thorough investigation of non-volatile substances extractible from inner coatings of metallic cans and their occurrence in the canned vegetables.

Since the decline of the use of bisphenol A, the chemistry of the varnishes and coatings which are applied to the inner surfaces of metallic food contact materials is poorly documented. We hypothesised that can coatings are now diverse and bring forth various non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) to be described. Investigating complex components such as NIAS requires demanding non-targeted approaches.

Synthesis of novel -nucleoside analogues bearing an anomeric cyano and a 1,2,3-triazole nucleobase as potential antiviral agents.

A linear sequence to access a novel series of -nucleosides bearing a quaternary carbon at the anomeric position tethered to a 4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole ring is described. Most of the compounds were obtained from a -1 alkynyl furanoside, by a tandem or two-step CuAAC/functionalisation sequence, along with a diastereoselective cyanation of the furanoside derivatives in acidic conditions.

Protein O-GlcNAcylation levels are regulated independently of dietary intake in a tissue and time-specific manner during rat postnatal development.

Aim: Metabolic sources switch from carbohydrates in utero, to fatty acids after birth and then a mix once adults. O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification considered as a nutrient sensor. The purpose of this work was to assess changes in protein O-GlcNAc levels, regulatory enzymes and metabolites during the first periods of life and decipher the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on cardiac proteins.

Gap-134, a Connexin43 activator, prevents age-related development of ventricular fibrosis in Scn5a mice.

Down-regulation of Connexin43 (Cx43) has often been associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis. We showed previously that Scn5a heterozygous knockout mice (Scn5a), which mimic familial progressive cardiac conduction defect, exhibit an age-dependent decrease of Cx43 expression and phosphorylation concomitantly with activation of TGF-β pathway and fibrosis development in the myocardium between 45 and 60 weeks of age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gap-134 prevents Cx43 down-regulation with age and fibrosis development in Scn5a mice.

Second Coordination Sphere Effects in an Evolved Ru Complex Based on Highly Adaptable Ligand Results in Rapid Water Oxidation Catalysis.

A new Ru complex containing the deprotonated 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-diphosphonic acid (HtPa) and pyridine (py) of general formula [Ru(HtPa-κ-NO)(py)], , has been prepared and thoroughly characterized by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complex presents a dynamic behavior in the solution that involves the synchronous coordination and the decoordination of the dangling phosphonic groups of the tPa ligand. However, at oxidation state IV, complex becomes seven coordinated with the two phosphonic groups now bonded to the metal center.

Brief interventions for improving adherence in schizophrenia: A pilot study using electronic medication event monitoring.

Poor medication adherence remains frequent in schizophrenia. The present study examined the efficacy of two month-long pilot interventions using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®). Thirty-three outpatients at high risk for relapse were randomized to receive a smartphone-based intervention, a nurse-based intervention, or treatment as usual.

3,4-Dideoxy-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro- and 4-OH epimeric 3-deoxy-3,3-difluoro-α-GalCer analogues: Synthesis and biological evaluation on human iNKT cells stimulation.

iNKT cells recognize CD1d/α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) complexes via their invariant TCR receptor and stimulate the immune response. Many α-GalCer analogues have been investigated to interrogate this interaction. Following our previous work related to the modification of the hydrogen bond network between α-GalCer and CD1d, we have now focused our attention on the synthesis of 3-deoxy-3,3-difluoro- and 3,4-dideoxy-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-α-GalCer analogues, and studied their ability to stimulate human iNKT cells.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Extrapyramidal Side Effects of Antipsychotics: Results From the National FACE-SZ Cohort.

Background: Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) have been identified as a complication of antipsychotic treatment. Previous meta-analyses have investigated EPS prevalence and risk factors in randomized clinical trials with highly selected patients, but studies in real-world schizophrenia are missing.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and clinical correlates associated with EPS in a nonselected national multicenter sample of stabilized patients with schizophrenia.

Medication adherence in schizophrenia: The role of insight, therapeutic alliance and perceived trauma associated with psychiatric care.

Medication non adherence in schizophrenia is a major cause of relapse and hospitalization and remains for clinicians an important challenge. This study investigates the associations between insight, therapeutic alliance, perceived trauma related to psychiatric treatment and medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. In this multicenter study, 72 patients were assessed regarding symptomatology, self-reported adherence with medication, insight, medication side-effects, therapeutic alliance and perceived trauma related to psychiatric treatment.

Evaluation of adherence patterns in schizophrenia using electronic monitoring (MEMS®): A six-month post-discharge prospective study.

Background: Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®) is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of medication adherence, yet few studies have applied this method, especially over long periods of time.

Objective: To investigate medication adherence patterns in a sample of post-discharge patients with schizophrenia monitored with MEMS caps during a six-month period.

Method: Adherence to antipsychotics was prospectively investigated using MEMS among 68 patients with schizophrenia.

Resting Heart Rate Predicts Depression and Cognition Early after Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study.

Background: Early detection of poststroke depression (PSD) and cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains challenging. It is well documented that the function of autonomic nervous system is associated with depression and cognition. However, their relationship has never been investigated in the early poststroke phase.

Validation study of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Results from the FACE-SZ national dataset.

Objective: The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) is one of the most widely used measurements of adherence in schizophrenia (SZ). However, the data available regarding its psychometric properties are scarce. The aim of this study was to provide new data regarding the psychometric properties of the MARS in a multicenter community-dwelling sample of SZ patients.

Determination of Adherence Profiles in Schizophrenia Using Self-Reported Adherence: Results From the FACE-SZ Dataset.

Objective: Medication nonadherence is one of the most important, and potentially modifiable, prognostic factors in the outcome of patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this article is to propose a new classification of adherence profiles according to the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) in a large community-dwelling sample of French patients with schizophrenia to provide a new tool to help clinicians in daily practice.

Methods: 319 community-dwelling patients from a national network of 10 Schizophrenia Expert Centers were interviewed between January 2009 and January 2014.

Medication adherence in patients with psychotic disorders: an observational survey involving patients before they switch to long-acting injectable risperidone.

Background: Maintaining antipsychotic therapy in psychosis is important in preventing relapse. Long-acting depot preparations can prevent covert non-adherence and thus potentially contribute to better patient outcomes. In this observational survey the main objective is to evaluate medication adherence and its determinants for oral treatment in a large sample of patients with psychosis.