Brain Reactivity and Vulnerability to Social Feedback Following Acute Stress in Early Adolescence.

Introduction: Early adolescence is a time of high psychosocial stress exposure and high stress reactivity, associated with the development of mental disorders. Understanding how the brain reacts to acute and social stressors during this period might help us detect and protect those at risk.

Methods: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate acute social stress reactivity in non-clinical adolescents between ages 13 and 15 years (N = 61) with a range of depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory scores 0-32).

[Early interventions for emotional regulation in adolescence, where are we?].

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for mental health. It is not easy to make a precise diagnosis during this period, as young people may present attenuated forms of psychiatric pathology, or on the contrary, a combination of several types of difficulties. Adopting a transdiagnostic and dimensional approach, based on clinical stages, and thus proposing interventions adapted to the severity of symptoms, is pertinent.

Carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The increasing resistance of Enterobacterales to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a major public health concern. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to estimate the carriage prevalence of Enterobacterales not susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems among paediatric populations in SSA.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and cohort studies to estimate the prevalence of childhood (0-18 years old) carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in SSA.

Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been estimated to be the highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The current study estimated the proportion of drug-resistant Enterobacterales causing infections in SSA children.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify retrospective and prospective studies published from 01/01/2005 to 01/06/2022 reporting AMR of Enterobacterales causing infections in sub-Saharan children (0-18 years old).

[LGBTQIA+ people: care issues in the emergency department].

Visits to the emergency department are often a difficult time for LGBTQIA+ people, mainly because of the frequent discrimination in healthcare environments and the lack of knowledge of medical and nursing staff. This article begins by presenting some epidemiological features, before discussing specific issues such as contraception and fertility, hormone therapy, sexually transmitted infections, surgical complications, psychiatric pathologies, and traumatology, from the perspective of the emergency physician. Finally, suggestions for further reflection and improvement are proposed.

[I-CARE: a pioneering e-learning training program on LGBTIQ+ health].

While several recent studies suggest that approximately 1 in 6 young people in Switzerland are part of the rainbow diversity, a high proportion of health professionals have never had a course on LGBTIQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, questioning or other) health. This situation leads to significant gaps in the medical care of LGBTIQ+ persons as well as difficulties in accessing equitable, culturally appropriate and quality care. This article presents the ambitious and novel e-learning project I-CARE (Improving Care and Access for Rainbow Equity) which should contribute, from the end of this year, to filling the current gaps in the undergraduate and continuing education of health professionals.

Randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based intervention in adolescents from the general population: The Mindfulteen neuroimaging study protocol.

Aim: Adolescence is a period of vulnerability to stress. Increased anxiety during this period has been associated with the later development of mental disorders, hence the growing interest for interventions that could decrease stress reactivity and improve cognitive control in adolescents. Mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated their efficacy on stress reactivity and anxiety in adults, but evidence is lacking in youth.

The effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on executive, behavioural and socio-emotional competencies in very preterm young adolescents.

Very preterm (VPT) children and adolescents show executive, behavioural and socio-emotional difficulties that persists into adulthood. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in improving these competencies in VPT young adolescents using a randomised controlled trial design. 56 young adolescents aged 10-14 years, born before 32 gestational weeks, were randomly assigned to an "intervention" or a "waiting" group and completed an 8-week MBI in a cross-over design.

Improving executive, behavioural and socio-emotional competences in very preterm young adolescents through a mindfulness-based intervention: Study protocol and feasibility.

Background: Very preterm (VPT) children and adolescents show executive, behavioural and socio-emotional difficulties that persist into adulthood. Despite the promising role of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in improving theses competences in children and adolescents, the effectiveness of an MBI has not been assessed in a VPT population so far.

Aims: To describe the protocol and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a clinical trial on an 8-week MBI program to enhance executive and socio-emotional competences in a cohort of VPT young adolescents.

Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline.

Clinical Question: What is the role of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for people living with chronic pain due to cancer or non-cancer causes?

Current Practice: Chronic pain is common and distressing and associated with considerable socioeconomic burden globally. Medical cannabis is increasingly used to manage chronic pain, particularly in jurisdictions that have enacted policies to reduce use of opioids; however, existing guideline recommendations are inconsistent, and cannabis remains illegal for therapeutic use in many countries.

Recommendation: The guideline expert panel issued a weak recommendation to offer a trial of non-inhaled medical cannabis or cannabinoids, in addition to standard care and management (if not sufficient), for people living with chronic cancer or non-cancer pain.

[Mindfulness based interventions for children and adolescents].

Mindfulness based interventions (MBI) are widely available to adults. Programs are also offered to children and adolescents. Interventions in school and clinical settings are increasingly being published in scientific literature.

Medical students' knowledge of and attitudes towards LGBT people and their health care needs: Impact of a lecture on LGBT health.

Objectives: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents have specific health care needs and are susceptible to health care disparities. Lack of skills and knowledge on the part of health care providers have a negative effect on their access to care and health outcomes. This study 1) explores the knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding LGBT people, and 2) assesses the impact of a one-hour lecture targeting adolescent LGBT health needs.

[Transgender and non-binary teenagers : management in primary care].

Transgender, non-binary and questioning teenagers are increasingly visible. However, they face barriers in accessing appropriate care that meet their needs, both specific and regarding their general health. Primary care physicians increasingly see them in consultations but often lack elements of communication and recent knowledge that is needed to accompany them and their close ones in their -individual trajectories.

[Adolescence and sexuality: a risky business How best to inform parents ?].

Parents are often reluctant to discuss sexuality and romantic relationships with their teenagers. However, these discussions can have a strong impact on their children's health. Care providers can act as a reliable source of information to support parents in this task.

UpToDate adherence to GRADE criteria for strong recommendations: an analytical survey.

Introduction: UpToDate is widely used by clinicians worldwide and includes more than 9400 recommendations that apply the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. GRADE guidance warns against strong recommendations when certainty of the evidence is low or very low (discordant recommendations) but has identified five paradigmatic situations in which discordant recommendations may be justified.

Objectives: Our objective was to document the strength of recommendations in UpToDate and assess the frequency and appropriateness of discordant recommendations.

Corticosteroids for treatment of sore throat: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

 To estimate the benefits and harms of using corticosteroids as an adjunct treatment for sore throat. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), trial registries up to May 2017, reference lists of eligible trials, related reviews.

Corticosteroids for sore throat: a clinical practice guideline.

What is the role of a single dose of oral corticosteroids for those with acute sore throat? Using the GRADE framework according to the BMJ Rapid Recommendation process, an expert panel make a weak recommendation in favour of corticosteroid use. The panel produced these recommendations based on a linked systematic review triggered by a large randomised trial published in April 2017. This trial reported that corticosteroids increased the proportion of patients with complete resolution of pain at 48 hours.

Antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women living with HIV or hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the impact of various antiretroviral/antiviral regimens in pregnant women living with HIV or hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Design: We performed random effects meta-analysis for HIV-related outcomes and network meta-analysis for HBV outcomes, and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework to assess quality separately for each outcome.

Data Sources: Embase and Medline to February 2017.

Antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women living with HIV: a clinical practice guideline.

Approximately 1.4 million women living with HIV become pregnant every year. Most women use antiretroviral therapy, to reduce the risk of vertical transmission or for personal health reasons.