["L'étudiant expert", a podcast for student nurses].

For the past three years, the Institut de formation interhospitalier Théodore-Simon (Ifits) has been embarking on a magnificent adventure to meet its student nurses, collecting their words and testimonials in a series of podcasts, the main aim of which is to shed as much light as possible on the reality of nursing studies. This article retraces the genesis of the project and demonstrates the added value of this tool for future professionals and trainers alike.

Efficacy and Safety of Eculizumab in Pediatric Patients Affected by Shiga Toxin-Related Hemolytic and Uremic Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Significance Statement: Shiga toxin-related hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a serious condition, characterized by multiorgan thrombotic microangiopathy, mainly affecting children. Renal involvement is severe, with approximately half of patients requiring dialysis. So far, no specific treatment has been proven efficient in STEC-HUS.

Evaluation of a Portable fMRI Compatible Robotic Wrist Interface.

This paper presents evaluation of a portable fMRI compatible haptic interface to study the brain correlates of sensorimotor control during wrist motion. The interface is actuated by a shielded DC motor located more than 2 m away from the 3T MR scanner's bore. The achievable wrist torque of the interface is up to 2 Nm, and the interface provides sufficient bandwidth for human motor control experiments.

Plasma cystatin C is a marker of renal glomerular injury in children treated with cisplatin or ifosfamide.

Background: Plasma cystatin C is a potential marker of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary cystatin C has been proposed as a marker of tubular dysfunction.

Procedure: A prospective study (NCT02822404) was conducted to assess the benefit of considering cystatin C plasma and urinary levels to better evaluate cisplatin and/or ifosfamide renal toxicity in children with cancer. Plasma Cr-EDTA clearance as a marker of GFR and urinary markers of tubular toxicity were monitored in 40 children treated by cisplatin and/or ifosfamide.

CD49d/CD29-integrin controls the accumulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the CNS during neuroinflammation.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are found in the CNS during neuroinflammation and have been reported to exert regulatory functions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms of entry of pDCs into the CNS as well as their phenotype and innate functional properties, once recruited into the CNS, have not been thoroughly examined. Herein, we show that pDCs rapidly accumulate into the brain and spinal cord during the acute phase of EAE, and maintain the expression of numerous phenotypic markers typical of peripheral pDCs.

CMOS platform for atomic-scale device fabrication.

Controlled atomic scale fabrication based on scanning probe patterning or surface assembly typically involves a complex process flow, stringent requirements for an ultra-high vacuum environment, long fabrication times and, consequently, limited throughput and device yield. We demonstrate a device platform that overcomes these limitations by integrating scanning-probe based dopant device fabrication with a CMOS-compatible process flow. Silicon on insulator substrates are used featuring a reconstructed Si(001):H surface that is protected by a capping chip and has pre-implanted contacts ready for scanning tunneling microscope (STM) patterning.

Patient and transplant outcome in infants starting renal replacement therapy before 2 years of age.

Background: Despite major technical improvements in the care of children requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) before 2 years of age, the management of those patients remains challenging and transplantation is generally delayed until the child weighs 10 kg or is 2 years old. In this national cohort study, we studied patient and graft survival in children starting RRT before 2 years of age to help clinicians and parents when deciding on RRT initiation and transplantation management.

Methods: All children starting RRT before 24 months of age between 1992 and 2012 in France were included through the national Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry.

Eculizumab treatment in severe pediatric STEC-HUS: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Hemolytic uremic syndrome related to Shiga-toxin-secreting Escherichia coli infection (STEC-HUS) remains a common cause of acute kidney injury in young children. No specific treatment has been validated for this severe disease. Recently, experimental studies highlight the potential role of complement in STEC-HUS pathophysiology.

Treatment and outcome of congenital nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Recommendations for management of Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) followed by many teams include daily albumin infusions, early bilateral nephrectomy, dialysis and transplantation. We aimed to assess the treatment and outcome of patients with CNS in France.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective study on 55 consecutive children born between 2000 and 2014 treated for non-infectious CNS.

The association of donor and recipient age with graft survival in paediatric renal transplant recipients in a European Society for Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplantation Association Registry study.

Background: The impact of donor age in paediatric kidney transplantation is unclear. We therefore examined the association of donor-recipient age combinations with graft survival in children.

Methods: Data for 4686 first kidney transplantations performed in 13 countries in 1990-2013 were extracted from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry.

Treatment by immunoadsorption for recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after paediatric kidney transplantation: a multicentre French cohort.

Background: Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) frequently recurs after kidney transplantation (KTx) in children. This can lead to delayed graft loss. As the management of children with recurrent FSGS is not well established, apheresis strategies could be a cornerstone to control the disease.

Alternative complement pathway hemolytic assays reveal incomplete complement blockade in patients treated with eculizumab.

Eculizumab is a monoclonal anti-C5 antibody used in the treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). We monitored complement inhibition in 16 eculizumab-treated patients suffering from HUS or transplant rejection (not aHUS patients). Blood samples were obtained one to four weeks after the last eculizumab injection.

Acute kidney injury in the perioperative period and in intensive care units (excluding renal replacement therapies).

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that has progressed a great deal over the last 20 years. The decrease in urine output and the increase in classical renal biomarkers, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, have largely been used as surrogate markers for decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which defines AKI. However, using such markers of GFR as criteria for diagnosing AKI has several limits including the difficult diagnosis of non-organic AKI, also called "functional renal insufficiency" or "pre-renal insufficiency".

Plasma Exchange and Immunoadsorption in Pediatric Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy Resistant to Corticosteroid Therapy: Four French Cases.

Steroids as a foremost therapy are widely used in pediatric optic neuritis (ON). Yet, this treatment is not standardized to date. Some children show a resistance to the classic treatment by steroids.

The DESCARTES-Nantes survey of kidney transplant recipients displaying clinical operational tolerance identifies 35 new tolerant patients and 34 almost tolerant patients.

Background: Kidney recipients maintaining a prolonged allograft survival in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs and without evidence of rejection are supposed to be exceptional. The ERA-EDTA-DESCARTES working group together with Nantes University launched a European-wide survey to identify new patients, describe them and estimate their frequency for the first time.

Methods: Seventeen coordinators distributed a questionnaire in 256 transplant centres and 28 countries in order to report as many 'operationally tolerant' patients (TOL; defined as having a serum creatinine <1.

Are there good reasons for inequalities in access to renal transplantation in children?

Background: Studies in the USA and Europe have demonstrated inequalities in adult access to renal transplants. We previously demonstrate that the centre of treatment was impacting the time to be registered on the renal waiting list. In this study, we sought to ascertain the influence of patient and centre characteristics on the probability of transplantation within 1 year after registration on the waiting list for children.

Fanconi syndrome and severe polyuria: an uncommon clinicobiological presentation of a Gitelman syndrome.

Background: Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypocalciuria. The majority of patients do not present with symptoms until late childhood or adulthood, and the symptoms are generally mild. We report here the first case of Gitelman syndrome presenting with the biological features of Fanconi syndrome and an early polyuria since the neonatal period.

The HNF1B score is a simple tool to select patients for HNF1B gene analysis.

HNF1B-related disease is an emerging condition characterized by an autosomal-dominant inheritance, a 50% rate of de novo mutations, and a highly variable phenotype (renal involvement, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5, pancreatic hypoplasia, and urogenital tract and liver test abnormalities). Given the current lack of pathognomonic characteristics and the wide overlap with other conditions, a genetic test is the diagnostic gold standard. However, pre-genetic screening is mandatory because genetic testing has substantial costs.

Long-term outcome of children treated with rituximab for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Rituximab (RTX) has recently showed promising results in the treatment of steroid-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SDNS).

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study of 18 children treated with RTX for SDNS, with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years.

Genetics and outcome of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: a nationwide French series comparing children and adults.

Background And Objectives: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare complement-mediated kidney disease that was first recognized in children but also affects adults. This study assessed the disease presentation and outcome in a nationwide cohort of patients with aHUS according to the age at onset and the underlying complement abnormalities.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: A total of 214 patients with aHUS were enrolled between 2000 and 2008 and screened for mutations in the six susceptibility factors for aHUS and for anti-factor H antibodies.