Understanding natural isotopic variations in cultured cancer cells.

Rationale: Natural variations in the abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen (δN) and carbon (δC) offer valuable insights into metabolic fluxes. In the wake of strong interest in cancer metabolism, recent research has revealed δN and δC variations in cancerous compared to non-cancerous tissues and cell lines. However, our understanding of natural isotopic variations in cultured mammalian cells, particularly in relation to metabolism, remains limited.

Cow's milk-based infant formula supplements in breastfed infants and primary prevention of cow's milk allergy: A commentary of the Committee on Nutrition of the French Society of Pediatrics.

The role of nutritional interventions for the primary prevention of cow's milk allergy (CMA) remains debated as well as the role of early introduction of allergenic foods, which is largely encouraged from the beginning of complementary feeding. Considering the introduction of cow's milk protein (CMP), current recommendations suggest avoidance of any cow's milk formula (CMF) supplements in breastfed infants in the maternity ward. By contrast, based on poor evidence, some authors support systematic supplements of CMP in breastfed children at risk of allergy from the first week of life.

Undernutrition is still highly frequent in hospitalized children with cystic fibrosis.

The aim of our study was to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized children with cystic fibrosis. We extracted data from the ePINUT surveys. Undernutrition was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of <18.

3-Month Post-Operative Increase in FGF21 is Predictive of One-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: The association between bariatric surgery outcome and blood levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) remains controversial. Many patients displayed stable or decreased FGF21 one year after bariatric surgery. Nevertheless, there is often an early increase FGF21 concentration in the post-surgery period.

Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Human Serum and Adipose Tissues and Stimulatory Effect of Naphthalene in Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most prevalent classes of environmental pollutants. Some evidence shows that PAHs could be involved in human obesity. However, little is known about the distribution patterns of PAHs in human adipose tissue (AT) and the role of PAHs on adipogenesis/lipogenesis.

Impact of the HAS 2019 French guidelines on the frequency of hospital undernutrition in children.

In 2019, the French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé, HAS) published guidelines on the diagnosis of undernutrition. The present article focuses on the impact of switching from the 2012 guidelines of the Nutrition Committee of the French Paediatric Society (CNSFP) to the HAS guidelines on the frequency of hospital undernutrition in children. We selected for the period 2010-2019 from the ePINUT database: (1) all children aged more than 2 years with (2) clinically confirmed nutritional status in (3) French sites.

Nutri-Score: Its Benefits and Limitations in Children's Feeding.

Reducing the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is one of the top priorities of public health policies worldwide. One of the recognized means of achieving this objective is to improve the diet quality. The Nutri-Score (N-S) is a [five-color-A, B, C, D, E letters] front-of-pack labeling logo intended to help consumers quickly identify the healthier prepackaged foods within a food category.

N-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Impacts Protein Metabolism Faster Than it Lowers Proinflammatory Cytokines in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients: Natural N/N Variations during a Clinical Trial.

While clinical evidence remains limited, an extensive amount of research suggests a beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in cancer treatment. One potential benefit is an improvement of protein homeostasis, but how protein metabolism depends on proinflammatory cytokines in this context remains unclear. Here, using the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen as a marker of changes in protein metabolism during a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, we show that protein homeostasis is affected way faster than proinflammatory cytokines in metastatic breast cancer patients supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

Addictive-like eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both common among persons seeking treatment for severe obesity. Given that ADHD and addictive-like eating, especially binge eating (BE) and food addiction (FA), are both strongly associated with personality dimensions and emotion dysregulation, it is possible emotional and personality characteristics contribute to the link between addictive-like eating behaviors and ADHD in people with severe obesity. This study aimed to investigate the psychological factors associated with BE and FA in bariatric surgery candidates, and to explore the mediational role of emotional factors (emotion dysregulation and alexithymia) and personality dimensions in the association between ADHD and BE.

Analysis of the Impact of Selected Vitamins Deficiencies on the Risk of Disability in Older People.

Vitamin deficiencies have a serious impact on healthy aging in older people. Many age-related disorders have a direct or indirect impact on nutrition, both in terms of nutrient assimilation and food access, which may result in vitamin deficiencies and may lead to or worsen disabilities. Frailty is characterized by reduced functional abilities, with a key role of malnutrition in its pathogenesis.

Stable Isotope Abundance and Fractionation in Human Diseases.

The natural abundance of heavy stable isotopes (C, N, O, etc.) is now of considerable importance in many research fields, including human physiology. In fact, it varies between tissues and metabolites due to isotope effects in biological processes, that is, isotope discriminations between heavy and light isotopic forms during enzyme or transporter activity.

Negative Affectivity and Emotion Dysregulation as Mediators between ADHD and Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with disordered eating, especially addictive-like eating behavior (i.e., binge eating, food addiction, loss of control overeating).

The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Validation Among Non-Clinical and Clinical French-Speaking Samples and Comparison With the Full Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0.

Objectives: The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was designed to assess food addiction using a shorter version than the YFAS 2.

Effect of Organic Food Intake on Nitrogen Stable Isotopes.

Food choices affect the isotopic composition of the body with each food item leaving its distinct isotopic imprint. The common view is that the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen (expressed as δN) is higher in animals than in plants that constitute our contemporary diets. Higher δN is thus increasingly viewed as a biomarker for meat and fish intake.

Plasma amino acid pools in the umbilical cord artery show lower N natural isotope abundance relative to the maternal venous pools.

N natural isotope abundance (NIA) is systematically higher in infants' hair than in that of their mothers at birth. This study aimed to investigate this difference in plasma pools. We compared N NIA values for plasma amino acid (AA) pools (free + protein-bound) in the umbilical cord artery (UCA) and vein (UCV) and in the maternal vein (MV) at birth.

Maternal obesity does not influence human milk protein N natural isotope abundance.

Obesity increases protein metabolism with a potential effect on nitrogen isotope fractionation. The aim of this study was to test the influence of obesity on human milk extracted protein N natural isotope abundance (NIA) at one month post-partum and to compare human milk extracted protein N NIA and bulk infant hair N NIA. This cross-sectional observational study involved 16 obese mothers (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m before pregnancy) matched with 16 normal-weight mothers (18.

NUTRI-REAPED study: nutritional assessment of French critically ill children and nutrition practice survey in French-speaking pediatric intensive care units.

Background: Impaired nutritional status is adversely associated with suboptimal outcomes in critically ill children. Undernutrition at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission ranges from 15 to 65%. A lack of knowledge of the nutritional status of children in French PICUs prevents us from specifically targeting education.

Adulthood and childhood ADHD in patients consulting for obesity is associated with food addiction and binge eating, but not sleep apnea syndrome.

Introduction: The exact mechanisms underlying the established association between ADHD and obesity remain unclear. Food addiction and binge eating may contribute to this link. We examined for the first time the association between childhood/adult ADHD and food addiction/binge eating in patients with obesity, as well as the association between ADHD and sleep apnea syndrome.

Protein restricted diet during gestation and/or lactation in mice affects 15N natural isotopic abundance of organs in the offspring: Effect of diet 15N content and growth.

Objectives And Study: This study aimed at measuring the effect in normal to restricted protein diets with specific 15N natural isotopic abundance (NIA) given during gestation and/or lactation on the 15N NIA of fur, liver and muscle in dams and their offspring from birth to adulthood. The secondary aim was to study the effect of growth on the same parameters.

Methods: Female Balb/c mice were fed normal protein diet containing 22% protein or isocaloric low protein diet containing 10% protein throughout gestation.

Frequency and risk factors for malnutrition in children undergoing general anaesthesia in a French university hospital: A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Malnutrition is often underdiagnosed in hospitalised children, although it is associated with postoperative complications, longer hospital lengths of stay and increased healthcare-related costs.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the frequency of, and identify factors associated with, malnutrition in children undergoing anaesthesia.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Nutriepigenomics and malnutrition.

Epigenetics is defined as the modulation of gene expression without changes to the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations, as a consequence of in utero malnutrition, may play a role in susceptibility to develop adulthood diseases and inheritance. However, the mechanistic link between epigenetic modifications and abnormalities in nutrition remains elusive.

Higher Leptin but Not Human Milk Macronutrient Concentration Distinguishes Normal-Weight from Obese Mothers at 1-Month Postpartum.

Introduction: Exclusively breastfed infants born to obese mothers have previously been shown to gain less weight by 1-month postpartum than infants of normal-weight mothers. Our hypothesis is that human milk composition and volume may differ between obese and normal-weight mothers.

Objective: To compare human milk leptin, macronutrient concentration, and volume in obese and normal-weight mothers.

Higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in breast milk of obese mothers.

Objective: Nutrition during fetal life and early childhood is thought to play a crucial role in the risk for developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in the future adult and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) intake may play a role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the breast milk amino acid profiles of obese and normal weight (control) breast-feeding mothers.

Methods: Fifty obese and 50 control breast-feeding mothers were enrolled.