Computerized algorithms compared with a nephrologist's diagnosis of acute kidney injury in the emergency department.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis based on different computerized algorithms compared with a nephrologist's diagnosis in patients visiting an emergency department (ED) of a university hospital.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we used electronic medical records at the University Hospital in Reykjavik to identify all patients aged ≥18 years, who presented to the ED in the year 2010 with an elevated serum creatinine (SCr) level. All SCr values were reviewed and a nephrologist determined whether AKI was present using the KDIGO SCr criteria and clinical data.

Pneumococcal vaccination: Direct and herd effect on carriage of vaccine types and antibiotic resistance in Icelandic children.

Background: Since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, vaccine type pneumococcal carriage and disease has decreased world-wide. The aim was to monitor changes in the nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci, the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in children before and after initiation of the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccination in 2011, in a previously unvaccinated population.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional study at 15day-care centres in greater Reykjavik area.

[Does the use of cannabis increase the risk for psychosis and the development of schizophrenia?].

Over the past 30 years evidence has been growing that cannabis use increases the risk for psychosis which could develop into schizophrenia in a proportion of cases. Over the past decade many studies have been published which clarify the association between cannabis use and psychosis. The aim of this review is to examine this association.