Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Vertically Exposed to Chikungunya Virus: A Two Years Follow-up Study.

Objectives: To monitor by the first 24 months of life, children born to mothers with laboratory evidence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection during pregnancy or up to 8 weeks before it, and to describe abnormalities in head circumference (HC), auditory and ophthalmological assessments and neuroimaging tests during the follow-up period.

Method: This is a observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of children born to mothers who had a rash and a positive test for CHIKV during pregnancy or up to 8 weeks before it. They were admitted between November 2015 and May 2019 in the outpatient multidisciplinary clinic to investigate acute exanthematous disease.

Relationship Between Maternal Age and Macronutrient Content of Colostrum.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between maternal age and the macronutrient content of colostrum.

Research Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal age and human milk macronutrient content by comparing the concentrations of lactose, proteins, and lipids in the colostrum of women with younger, moderate, and advanced maternal age.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was designed to compare the macronutrient concentrations in the colostrum of women aged < 20 years, 20 to 34 years, and > 34 years (younger, moderate, and advanced maternal age, respectively;  = 33 per group).

ROP screening with the Pictor Plus camera: a telemedicine solution for developing countries.

Purpose: To assess the Pictor Plus portable noncontact ophthalmic camera for use in diagnosis of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its feasibility for telemedicine applications, especially in developing countries.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to December 2019 in six public neonatal care centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Observer 1 performed the examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and subsequently captured a digital image using the Pictor Plus camera.

Microcephaly caused by or associated with congenital infections in the last 20 years in Brazil: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to identify the pathogens causing or associated with congenital microcephaly in Brazil in the last 20 years due to the lack of official information by the Health Authorities and, as a consequence the uncertainty on the real infectious etiology of congenital microcephaly. A review protocol was prepared according to the PRISMA recommendation, using the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases to search for references presenting original data on microcephaly caused by or associated with congenital infectious in Brazil, using the descriptors "MICROCEPHALY AND INFECTION". The search ended on 30/Jun/2020.

Diversity of clonal types of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing infections in intensive care neonatal patients in a large urban setting.

Background: Klebsiella infections are reported from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, but data on their incidence and genetic diversity remain scarce.

Objective: We determined the incidence and genetic diversity of Klebsiella infections in NICU patients in Rio de Janeiro.

Methods: This was a prospective study including newborns admitted to NICU in three hospitals during April 2005-November 2006 and March 2008-February 2009.

Should arboviruses be the only diagnosis hypothesis in pregnant women in endemic areas presenting with a rash?

Listeria is an unusual pathogen that causes neonatal infection with high morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a premature newborn whose mother had a rash during pregnancy; the newborn had severe early sepsis because of Listeria monocytogenes and histopathologically suggestive findings of the placenta. Obstetricians and neonatologists should suspect listeriosis in cases with compatible epidemiological history, clinical features, and examination findings of the placenta.

Prognostic factors of death in children during the first year of life due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia: analysis of a hospital cohort from 2005 to 2015.

Objective: To describe and analyze the prognosis of children during the first year of life with a diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted between the years 2005 and 2015 in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Method: In a retrospective cohort, 129 children with a diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia were studied. The prognostic factors were analyzed, whereupon prenatal, delivery, and postnatal exposure variables were associated with death during the first year of life.

Children Born to Mothers with Rash During Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: First 18 Months of Life.

Objective: To better understand the clinical spectrum and course of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) during the first 18 months of life of children whose mothers had rash during pregnancy.

Methods: This longitudinal observational study evaluated the clinical progress from birth until 18 months of life of children of mothers who developed rash during or up to 3 months before gestation. Maternal rash occurred from November 2015 to May 2017.

Interference of heart and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in the measurement of bioelectrical impedance analysis in preterm newborns.

Objective: To verify if the connection of electrodes for heart and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring interfere with the measurement of electrical bioimpedance in preterm newborns.

Methods: This was a prospective, blinded, controlled, cross-sectional, crossover study that assessed and compared paired measures of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) by BIA, obtained with and without monitoring wires attached to the preterm newborn. The measurements were performed in immediate sequence, after randomization to the presence or absence of electrodes.

[Evaluation of perinatal factors that influence the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants].

Purpose: To evaluate the perinatal factors that influence the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns infants (NBI) weighing less than 1,500 g.

Methods: A prospective study that analyzed all infants with birth weight (BW) less than 1,500 g born between January 2006 to December 2010 (n=183). They were divided into two groups, i.

Implementation of a protocol proposed by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency for antibiotic use in very low birth weight infants.

Objective: To analyze the implementation of a protocol proposed by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA) to improve sepsis diagnosis in very low birth weight newborns.

Methods: This was a prospective study that evaluated the implementation of a protocol involving clinical and laboratory criteria (hematologic scoring system of Rodwell and C-reactive protein serial measurements), recommended by ANVISA, to improve the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight newborns. The study included all patients who were born and remained in the neonatal intensive care unit until discharge or death, and excluded those with congenital diseases.