Whole-genome sequences of and , causal agents of pod and foliar diseases on African yam bean.

Diseases caused by fungi result in major agricultural losses worldwide. Here, we present two draft genomes of spp. responsible for foliar and pod blight on African yam bean.

Comparative genomics and transcriptomics reveal differences in effector complement and expression between races of f.sp. .

This study presents the first genome and transcriptome analyses for f. sp. (Fola) which causes Fusarium wilt disease of lettuce.

Temporal changes in erythroid progenitors in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study.

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Why cells need iron: a compendium of iron utilisation.

Iron deficiency is globally prevalent, causing an array of developmental, haematological, immunological, neurological, and cardiometabolic impairments, and is associated with symptoms ranging from chronic fatigue to hair loss. Within cells, iron is utilised in a variety of ways by hundreds of different proteins. Here, we review links between molecular activities regulated by iron and the pathophysiological effects of iron deficiency.

Dose-Dependent Genetic Resistance to Azole Fungicides Found in the Apple Scab Pathogen.

The evolution of azole resistance in fungal pathogens presents a major challenge in both crop production and human health. Apple orchards across the world are faced with the emergence of azole fungicide resistance in the apple scab pathogen . Target site point mutations observed in this fungus to date cannot fully explain the reduction in sensitivity to azole fungicides.

Chromosome-scale assembly uncovers genomic compartmentation of f. sp. , the causal agent of Bayoud disease in date palm.

Date palm () is the most significant crop across North Africa and the Middle East. However, the crop faces a severe threat from Bayoud disease caused by the fungal pathogen f. sp.

Cellular iron governs the host response to malaria.

Malaria and iron deficiency are major global health problems with extensive epidemiological overlap. Iron deficiency-induced anaemia can protect the host from malaria by limiting parasite growth. On the other hand, iron deficiency can significantly disrupt immune cell function.

Ancient genomic linkage couples metabolism with erythroid development.

Generation of mature cells from progenitors requires tight coupling of differentiation and metabolism. During erythropoiesis, erythroblasts are required to massively upregulate globin synthesis then clear extraneous material and enucleate to produce erythrocytes. has remained in synteny with the α-globin genes for >500 million years, and harbours the majority of the α-globin enhancers.

Defective iron homeostasis and hematological abnormalities in Niemann-Pick disease type C1.

: Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of multiple lipids in the late endosome/lysosomal system and reduced acidic store calcium. The lysosomal system regulates key aspects of iron homeostasis, which prompted us to investigate whether there are hematological abnormalities and iron metabolism defects in NPC1. : Iron-related hematological parameters, systemic and tissue metal ion and relevant hormonal and proteins levels, expression of specific pro-inflammatory mediators and erythrophagocytosis were evaluated in an authentic mouse model and in a large cohort of NPC patients.

A Genomic Resource for the Strawberry Powdery Mildew Pathogen .

Powdery mildew is one of the most economically destructive diseases in protected strawberry production. Here we present the first genome assembly for , the causal agent of powdery mildew on strawberry. This obligate-biotrophic fungal pathogen was sampled from a naturally occurring outbreak on × 'Malling Centenary' plants grown under cover in the United Kingdom.

Efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stromal cell treatment for chronic degenerative musculoskeletal conditions in dogs: A retrospective study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinical data from a referral regenerative medicine practice, to investigate the efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in 245 dogs deemed unresponsive to conventional treatment by their referring vet.

Methods: Diagnostic imaging [radiology and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US)] identified musculoskeletal pathology holistically. MSCs, produced according to current guidelines, were initially administered with PRP by targeted injection to joints and/or tendons, with a second MSC monotherapy administered 12 weeks later to dogs with severe pathology and/or previous elbow arthroscopic interventions.

Hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat interventions for young children with iron-deficiency anaemia in The Gambia: an individually randomised, three-arm, double-blind, controlled, proof-of-concept, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional disorder worldwide. Iron supplementation has modest efficacy, causes gastrointestinal side-effects that limit compliance, and has been associated with serious adverse outcomes in children across low-income settings. We aimed to compare two hepcidin-guided screen-and-treat regimens designed to reduce overall iron dosage by targeting its administration to periods when children were safe and ready to receive iron supplementation, with WHO's recommendation of universal iron supplementation.

Plasma iron controls neutrophil production and function.

Low plasma iron (hypoferremia) induced by hepcidin is a conserved inflammatory response that protects against infections but inhibits erythropoiesis. How hypoferremia influences leukocytogenesis is unclear. Using proteomic data, we predicted that neutrophil production would be profoundly more iron-demanding than generation of other white blood cell types.

Evaluation of perturbed iron-homeostasis in a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19.

Marked reductions in serum iron concentrations are commonly induced during the acute phase of infection. This phenomenon, termed hypoferremia of inflammation, leads to inflammatory anemia, but could also have broader pathophysiological implications. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), hypoferremia is associated with disease severity and poorer outcomes, although there are few reported cohorts.

Analysis of Iron and Iron-Interacting Protein Dynamics During T-Cell Activation.

Recent findings have shown that iron is a powerful regulator of immune responses, which is of broad importance because iron deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide. However, the underlying reasons of why iron is needed by lymphocytes remain unclear. Using a combination of mathematical modelling, bioinformatic analysis and experimental work, we studied how iron influences T-cells.

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of the causal agent of Bayoud disease on date palm, f. sp. .

The complete mitogenome of f. sp. (FOA), the causal agent of the destructive fusarium wilt in date palm, is sequenced and assembled.

PAL1 gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway increases resistance to the Cassava brown streak virus in cassava.

Background: The phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes play crucial role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we characterized the role of PAL genes in increasing resistance to the Cassava brown streak virus that causes the economically important cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) on cassava in Africa.

Methods: The whole transcriptomes of eight cassava varieties differing in resistance to CBSD were obtained at 1, 5 and 8 weeks after CBSV infection.

The Genome of the CTG(Ser1) Yeast Is Plastic.

Microorganisms need to adapt to environmental changes, and genome plasticity can lead to rapid adaptation to hostile environments by increasing genetic diversity. Here, we investigate genome plasticity in the CTG(Ser1) yeast , an organism with an enormous potential for second-generation biofuel production. We demonstrate that has an intrinsically plastic genome and that different isolates have genomes with distinct chromosome organizations.

Comparative Analysis of Host-Associated Variation in .

is often described as a generalist pathogen, with isolates causing disease in a range of plant species. It is the causative agent of two diseases in the cultivated strawberry, crown rot (CR; causing whole plant collapse) and leather rot (LR; affecting the fruit). In the cultivated apple, causes girdling bark rots on the scion (collar rot) and rootstock (crown rot), as well as necrosis of the fine root system (root rot) and fruit rots.

The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to symptoms, likelihood of severe disease, and survival.

Objective: The aim was to review the latest evidence on how malnutrition across all its forms (under- and overnutrition and micronutrient status) may influence both susceptibility to, and progression of, COVID-19.

Methods: We synthesized information on 13 nutrition-related components and their potential interactions with COVID-19: overweight, obesity, and diabetes; protein-energy malnutrition; anemia; vitamins A, C, D, and E; PUFAs; iron; selenium; zinc; antioxidants; and nutritional support.

Identification and Expression of Pathogenicity Genes in f. sp. .

is a soilborne fungal plant pathogen responsible for causing disease in many economically important crops with "special forms" () adapted to infect specific plant hosts. f. sp.