Effectiveness of remote screening for diabetic retinopathy among patients referred to Mozambican Diabetes Association (AMODIA): a retrospective observational study.

Aims: Diabetes represents a growing public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of permanent visual loss. We reported the results of a remote screening of DR among urbanized Mozambican people with diabetes.

Methods: We retrospectively collected retinal images and clinical characteristics from 536 patients screened for DR in Maputo (Mozambique), over a period of 2 years (2018-2019).

Medical Curricula on Intimate Partner Violence in Mozambique.

Introduction: The aim of the study described in this paper is to screen medical curricula in relation to the attention paid to intimate partner violence, by applying a framework derived from the international literature.

Material And Methods: We screened curricula of five Mozambican medical schools based on a state-of-the-art intimate partner violence curriculum framework. The latter framework was based on a review of the literature.

Gaps in Medical Students' Competencies to Deal With Intimate Partner Violence in Key Mozambican Medical Schools.

The researchers aimed to identify the gaps in competencies designed to help medical students to deal with Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in key Mozambican medical schools curricula. A survey was administered to 3rd and 6th-year medical students (N387), enrolled in five medical schools in Mozambique. The instrument focused on mapping students' perceived mastery of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to IPV.

BE-SMART (Basal Early Strategies to Maximize HbA1c Reduction with Oral Therapy): Expert Opinion.

The past three decades have seen a quadruple rise in the number of people affected by diabetes mellitus worldwide, with the disease being the ninth major cause of mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often remains undiagnosed for several years due to its asymptomatic nature during the initial stages. In India, 70% of diagnosed diabetes cases remain uncontrolled.

Characteristics, prevalence, and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers in Africa. A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Among non-communicable diseases, diabetes represents a growing public health problem in Africa, where diabetes-related needs remain mostly unmet and the disabling features of foot are worsened by hygienic, cultural, and healthcare issues. We aimed to review clinical characteristics, prevalence, and outcomes of patients with diabetic foot ulcer in Africa.

Methods: We searched the literature for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting the characteristics of patients with diabetic foot in African countries, with a particular focus on ulcer prevalence, amputation rate, and mortality.

Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria at sentinel sites in Mozambique, 2015.

Unlabelled: The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to anti-malarial drugs continues to challenge malaria control. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), the first-line treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, in children under five years of age in Mozambique.

In vivo efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children: a multisite, open-label, two-cohort, clinical trial in Mozambique.

Background: Mozambique adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the year 2006, and since 2009 artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) have been proposed as alternative first-line treatments. A multicentre study was conducted in five sites across the country to assess the in vivo efficacy and tolerability of these two drugs.

Methods: Children aged six to 59 months with uncomplicated malaria were recruited between June 2011 and January 2012 in five sites across Mozambique (Montepuez, Dondo, Tete, Chokwe, and Manhiça), and treated with AL or ASAQ in a non-randomized study.

Prozone in malaria rapid diagnostics tests: how many cases are missed?

Background: Prozone means false-negative or false-low results in antigen-antibody reactions, due to an excess of either antigen or antibody. The present study prospectively assessed its frequency for malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and Plasmodium falciparum samples in an endemic field setting.

Methods: From January to April 2010, blood samples with P.

A country-wide malaria survey in Mozambique. II. Malaria attributable proportion of fever and establishment of malaria case definition in children across different epidemiological settings.

Background: Protection against clinical malaria episodes is acquired slowly after frequent exposure to malaria parasites. This is reflected by a decrease with increasing age in both parasite density and incidence of clinical episodes. In many settings of stable malaria transmission, the presence of asymptomatic malaria parasite carriers is common and the definition of clinical malaria remains uncertain.

Functional variants of the angiotensinogen gene determine antihypertensive responses to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in subjects of African origin.

Objective: To determine whether the response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) monotherapy in subjects of African origin is determined by genetic variants within the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene.

Methods: A total of 194 hypertensive patients of African ancestry were recruited from district clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa. Eighty patients received open-label ACEI (enalapril or lisinopril) monotherapy, and 114 open-label calcium antagonist (nifedipine) as a drug class comparator.

Impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene variants on the severity of hypertension in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension.

Background: The severity of hypertension has prognostic significance. Previous studies have assessed the relationship between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genotype and the severity of hypertension in either treated patients or those who have only recently discontinued treatment.

Methods: We assessed the impact of RAAS genotype on ambulatory and office blood pressure (BP) in 231 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients of African ancestry who had never received therapy.

Angiotensinogen gene promoter region variant modifies body size-ambulatory blood pressure relations in hypertension.

Background: The extent to which genes modify the relationship between risk factors for hypertension and blood pressure (BP) is unclear. As angiotensinogen is expressed in adipose tissue and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene promoter variants influence the production of angiotensinogen, we evaluated the role of AGT gene variants as potential modifiers of body size-BP relations.

Methods And Results: Five hundred twenty-one hypertensives of African origin sampled from a group with a high mean body mass index (BMI) had 24-hour ambulatory BP (ABP) measurements determined off therapy and were genotyped for the AGT -6G-->A, -532C-->T, -20A-->C, and 704T-->C (M235T) gene variants.

Association between an atrial natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism and normal blood pressure in subjects of African ancestry.

Aim: The roles of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene and the clearance receptor of the ANP (NPRC) gene in hypertensive groups of African ancestry are unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between both ANP and NPRC gene polymorphisms and hypertension in Black South Africans.

Methods: 298 patients, diagnosed as having essential hypertension according to 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements (mean daytime diastolic BP> 90 mm Hg) whilst off medication, and 278 normotensive control subjects of a similar African ancestry, were genotyped for polymorphic markers in intron 2 (which is in complete linkage disequilibrium with a potentially functional exon 1 variant) and exon 3 (which leads to the extension of ANP by two additional arginines) of the ANP gene.

An aldosterone synthase gene variant is associated with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To assess whether renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system gene polymorphisms shown to be associated with alterations in the activity of the system, may predict cardiac function changes subsequent to initiating medical therapy in heart failure.

Methods: The impact of RAA system genotypes on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following therapy to patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and class II-III heart failure was assessed. In 107 patients LVEF and LV dimensions were determined using radionuclide ventriculography and echocardiography prior to and subsequent to receiving furosemide, digoxin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy.