Historical Developments of Bosnia and Herzegovina Pharmaceutical Industry - the Past and the Future Perspectives of Domestic Manufacturing.

Background: History of pharmaceutical industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has its roots from 1951. Importance of domestic industry not just from economical aspect but also from public health perspective and as scientific base has not been evaluated previously.

Objective: The aim of this article was to provide the review of the pharmaceutical industry developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its roots, current position and future perspectives.

Mobile Pharmacies Throughout History.

Background: Mobile pharmacies are special organizational units or infrastructures that serve to supply medicines to remote communities or are stationed on ships or as such exist during war conflicts on the battlefields to provide first aid to the wounded and to provide the necessary medicines. The establishment of mobile pharmacies is regulated by the law of each state and only preparations approved by law can be found in it. There are also regulations for the good storage and warehousing of these drugs.

Historical Contribution of Pharmaceutics to Botany and Pharmacognosy Development.

Introduction: Pharmacy and medicine belong to the oldest human activities, so the development of these sciences is closely related to the socio-economic, cultural and religious opportunities of the nations within which they have been developing.

Goals: To present the historical influence of pharmacy on the development of the human being from its very beginning; To present the historical link between pharmaceutical and medical activity, as well as early development of independent pharmaceutical activity; To present the historical influence of pharmacists on the development of botany and pharmacognosy and to present the historical influence of the first written herbarium and incunabula on the development of pharmacognosy.

Material And Methods: The article has a descriptive character, and represents a systematic review of the literature dealing with this topic.

Contribution of Arabic Medicine and Pharmacy to the Development of Health Care Protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina - the First Part.

The time interval from the 9 to the 13 century remained known as the "Golden period of the Arab science", and a significant place among the taught sciences are occupied by Medicine and Pharmacy. In the history of medicine, Islamic medicine, also known as Arabic medicine, refers to the science of medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic Arabs were able to use their cultural and natural resources and trade links to contribute to the strong development of pharmacy. After the collapse of the Arab rule, the Arab territorial expanses and cultural heritage were taken over by the Turks.

The Role and Characteristics of Collections of Folk Recepies in the Folk and Traditional Medicine of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: Folk medicine represents part of the folk culture, when we first think about the rural culture with characteristic of the rural population in the pre-industrial period. The difference between official and folk medicine is manifested in the education, knowledge and social status of those practicing folk medicine as well as their patients. The most common ways of treating were the treatment by use of herbs, magic and treatments based on religious beliefs.

Influence of Arabian Pharmacy on Diseases Tretament During Ottoman's Period in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Arab cultural heritage was an era of invaluable preservation and development of numerous teachings, including biomedical sciences. The golden period of Arab medicine deserves special attention in the history of medicine and pharmacy, as it was the period of rapid translation of works from Greek and Persian cultures into Arabic. They preserved their culture, and science from decay, and then adopted them to continue building their science on theirs as a basis.

Bosnian Franciscans and the Monasteries in Kresevo and Fojnica as Source of Scientific Bibliography.

All of these centuries-old records contain enormous treasures, and the modern medicine is increasingly searching for the sources of natural remedies. The Franciscans should be credited for carefully collecting the methods folk treatment and passed them on to future generations. In the words of Br.

Role of laboratory diagnostic medical biochemistry services -analysis of requirements for the laboratory test in the laboratory of primary health care center.

Introduction: Laboratory diagnosis of medical biochemistry activity plays a significant role in the Primary Health Care Center (PHCC), dominated by Family medicine and diagnostic services. Medical biochemical diagnosis has a visible place at all levels of health care, which shows the number of requests for laboratory diagnosis, number and type of required laboratory tests.

Materials And Methods: The study included 1000 requests for laboratory tests at the PHCC in Gracanica in primary health care units.

Levels of persistent organic pollutants in the Neretva River (Bosnia and Herzegovina) determined by deployment of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD).

The main objective of this study was to determine levels of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Neretva River, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which is currently facing implementation of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and environmental protection strategies. This is the very first report on the deployment of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in BiH. SPMDs were used for continuous 3-weeks sampling of POPs at three locations, covering 220 km long stream of the Neretva River.

Statistical evaluation of olanzapine efficacy in catamnesticly investigated patients.

The aims of this research are: a) To compare GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) score after the olanzapine treatment with the GAF score recorded after the treatment conducted by typical antipsychotics; b) To compare CGI (Global Clinical Impression) score after the treatment with CGI subsequent to treatment by typical antipsychotics; c) To compare number of hospitalizations of patients during the treatment with olanzapine with the number of hospitalizations during previous treatment; and 4. To monitor and record the possible weight gain of patients who were taking olanzapine. The research was conducted in the period from 2004 to 2007 in the Department of Psychiatry of the University Clinical Center in Sarajevo.

Transplantation of organs: one of the greatest achievements in history of medicine.

The history of transplantation is a scientific journey describing the medical community's effort to understand how the human body works. Humans have long realized the possibilities which transplantation of organs and tissue provides. Throughout history people have always been intrigued by the possibilities of the transplantation of organs and tissues.

QSAR study of antimicrobial activity of some 3-nitrocoumarins and related compounds.

A new class of antimicrobial agents, 3-nitrocoumarins and related compounds, has been chosen as a subject of the present study. In order to explore their activity and molecular properties that determine their antimicrobial effects, QSAR models have been proposed. Most of the 64 descriptors used for the development were extracted from semiempirical and density functional theory (DFT) founded calculations.

Co-relation between risk factors of falls down and the Berg balance scale in elderly people (third age).

This study encompassed 77 randomly assigned participants of both sexes and older than 65 of age. Every participant was questioned in his/her own house and completely familiarized with the methodology and the aims of the questionnaire. Out of 27 men, data on falls down were provided by 4 participants (14.

[Pharmaco-economic analysis of NSAID usage in Gastroenterology Department of Tuzla Clinic].

Pharmacoeconomics is young rapidly developing science that uses economic, clinical and epidemiologic methods. It studies adequate use of therapeutics giving guidelines towards rational utilization of the resources in health care. Pharmacoeconomics indentifies estimates and compares costs and clinical outcomes of different strategies giving the best solution: optimal cost/benefit ratio.

[Classification of drugs using the ATC system (Anatomic, Therapeutic, Chemical Classification) and the latest changes].

World Health Organization (WHO) established ATC system of drug classification. All drugs are grouped in five levels (anatomical main group, therapeutic subgroup, pharmacological subgroup, chemical subgroup and chemical substance). Alterations in ATC classification are made only by experts in WHO centre in Oslo, Norway.

[Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of use of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin with cost-benefit analysis].

Pharmacoeconomics is application of economical principles in health and pharmaceutical care sector. This is comparative analysis of treatment e.i.

[Effect of alcohol on aminotransferase activity in adolescents].

The objective of research were consolidate the correlation the greatest values ALT and AST, and consummation alcohol. To the group of 302 adolescents, male sex of 18, 19 and 20 years is measured the activity of ALT and AST. The examines are questionned to the consummation of alcohol.

[Kinesitherapy in the treatment of muscle spasm].

Muscular spasm is type of the increased muscle tone which is common in the upper motor neuron lesion and it can be developed due to disease (stroke, MS, tumors, infection, intoxication) and trauma. This research included 30 patients with muscular spasm after upper motor neuron lesion. All of the patients were treated by passive exercises and stretching of agonists and antagonists.