Aetiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Arterial Occlusions of the Retina-A Narrative Review.

Arterial occlusions of the retina are potentially sight-threatening diseases which often result in profound visual loss. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the aetiology, discuss major risk factors, describe the management and systemic assessments and evaluate existing therapies. For this review, an extensive literature search in PubMed was performed.

Towards a standardisation of reading charts: Font effects on reading performance-Times New Roman with serifs versus the sans serif font Helvetica.

Purpose: The purpose was to compare systematically the legibility of a font without serifs (Helvetica) and one with serifs (Times New Roman).

Methods: Three paragraphs that were equal in the number of words, syllables, characters, difficulty and reading length were printed at equal size, with equal spacing between the lines and equal layout (paperback style), in either the sans serif typeface Helvetica Neue T1 55 Roman (Adobe) or the serif typeface Times New Roman PS Roman (Adobe). They were also printed in newspaper format in the serif font.

Possible limits of calibrating reading charts with the Landolt ring: a microscopic study.

Purpose: To evaluate microscopically whether the print quality and accuracy of sizing of Landolt ring near vision charts are adequate for the calibration of reading charts.

Methods: Near vision charts with Landolt rings from Oculus GmbH (C-Test; Wetzlar, Germany), Precision Vision (Woodstock, IL) and the RADNER Charts were examined, as well as custom-made Landolt rings optimized for print quality. Microscopic investigations and measurements were performed by using a Huvitz HSZ 600 stereomicroscope (Nikon NIS Elements software) to evaluate the height of the Landolt rings, the thickness of the lines, and the width of the openings.

Font effects on reading parameters: comparing Radner Reading Charts printed in Helvetica and Times Roman.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of font choice on reading parameters by using the RADNER Reading Charts printed in two fonts (Helvetica vs. Times Roman) equalized in terms of x-height.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 40 participants with healthy eyes (18 to 60 years of age; mean: 42.

Long-term results of MyoRing treatment of keratoconus.

Purpose: To study long-term results of MyoRing treatment of keratoconus.

Methods: Retrospective study of MyoRing implantation into a corneal pocket for keratoconus.

Results: Corneal thickness at the thinnest point remained unchanged, SIM K's, manifest sphere and cylinder were significantly improved at the first follow-up 9 months postoperatively and remained stable until the last follow-up about 5 years after surgery.

Visualization of the oculomotor cranial nerves by magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI is the imaging method of choice in patients with cranial nerve palsies. However, the nerves are often not seen on MR images and smaller lesions may not be diagnosed on routine brain MRI. The purpose of this study is to show that the oculomotor cranial nerves can be visualized by standard MR sequences and to present an update on clinical applications of cranial nerve imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit: Basic principles and anatomy.

This review article gives a basic introduction to the technical principles of magnetic resonance imaging for ophthalmologists and orbital surgeons and describes the anatomical structures that can be identified on high-resolution magnetic resonance images of the orbit. The meaning of general imaging parameters, specific weighting of the images, and the use of contrast agents, fat suppression techniques and surface coils is explained. Possible artifacts are also described.