The HIV epidemic is increasingly global, with women comprising half of all HIV-1 infections; understanding how sex hormones influence different HIV subtypes' pathogenesis is crucial.
The study tested the effects of sex hormones on HIV replication and transmission using blood cells from male and female donors infected with various HIV subtypes; hormone levels impacted virus production but results varied by donor and subtype.
Findings indicated that subtypes B and C replicated more efficiently in both genders’ blood cells and were transmitted more effectively, yet the role of sex hormones on entry receptors did not align with virus replication levels.