Disparate trajectories of cognitive aging among American Indian and Alaskan Native people with and without HIV.

Objective: This study describes trajectories of cognitive aging among American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) adults with and without HIV and the role of immunosenescence longitudinally.

Method: We characterized trajectories of cognitive aging in a sample of 333 AI/AN and 309 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults who were followed longitudinally for up to 20 years by the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP) across six U.S.

Community-Identified Implementation Strategies for Promoting the Adoption of HIV Self-Testing in a Southern California American Indian community: A Rapid Qualitative Analysis.

HIV incidence increased by 18% between 2015 and 2019 among American Indians (AIs) despite declining rates in other racial/ethnic groups. Culturally-appropriate implementation of prevention programs is needed to address the intersectional conditions contributing to HIV vulnerabilities experienced by AIs. The objectives of this study were to understand factors influencing HIV testing decisions and identify implementation strategies to promote the acceptability of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in a southern California AI community.

Androgen receptor-dependent regulation of metabolism in high grade bladder cancer cells.

The observed sex disparity in bladder cancer (BlCa) argues that androgen receptor (AR) signaling has a role in these malignancies. BlCas express full-length AR (FL-AR), constitutively active AR splice variants, including AR-v19, or both, and their depletion limits BlCa viability. However, the mechanistic basis of AR-dependence is unknown.

The relative impact of injury and deployment on mental and physical quality of life among military service members.

US service members injured in the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan were more likely to survive than those in previous conflicts because of advances in medicine and protective gear. However, there is limited research examining the long-term impact of injuries while deployed on physical and mental quality of life (QOL) among service members. We used data from two time-points with an average follow-up period of 4.

Heart Rate Response, Duration, Grip Strength, and Anthropometric Characteristics in Recreational Indoor Rock Climbers.

Smetanka, RG, Armenta, RF, Nessler, JA, and Newcomer, SC. Heart rate response, duration, grip strength, and anthropometric characteristics in recreational indoor rock climbers. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 832-837, 2022-Despite the growing popularity of recreational indoor rock climbing, there is a lack of research on cardiovascular responses to rock climbing.

Contribution of Concurrent Comorbidities to Sepsis-Related Mortality in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks of Gestation at an Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Network.

Objective: This study sought to identify concurrent major comorbidities in preterm infants ≤32 weeks of gestation that may have contributed to sepsis-related mortality following a diagnosis of bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis within the neonatal period (≤28 days of life).

Study Design: This is a retrospective chart review of infants ≤32 weeks of gestation who were admitted to a single academic network of multiple neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, to determine the primary cause(s) and timing of death in those diagnosed with bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis. Direct comparisons between early-onset sepsis (EOS; ≤72 hours) and late-onset sepsis (LOS; >72 hours) were made.

Antarctic Thraustochytrids as Sources of Carotenoids and High-Value Fatty Acids.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and carotenoids are needed as human dietary supplements and are essential components in commercial feeds for the production of aquacultured seafood. Microorganisms such as thraustochytrids are potential natural sources of these compounds. This research reports on the lipid and carotenoid production capacity of thraustochytrids that were isolated from coastal waters of Antarctica.

Upper limb manual dexterity, strength and blood flow after walking with backpack load.

This study aimed to characterize the effects of walking with backpack load on upper limb function. Fifteen males participated in 3 conditions: no load, 40% body weight loaded backpack (BP) and loaded backpack with simulated rifle (BRC). Pinch strength, grip strength, sensory threshold, blood flow volume, and a manual dexterity test were assessed before and after a 45-min walking trial.

Sexual health difficulties among service women: the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background Sexual health among service women remains understudied, yet is related to health and quality of life. This study examined if the associations between recent combat and sexual assault with sexual health difficulties were mediated by mental disorders and identified factors associated with sexual health difficulties among service women. Methods Data from two time points (2013 and 2016) of the Millennium Cohort Study, a large military cohort, were used.

Fluid Loss in Recreational Surfers.

Surfing offers unique challenges to thermoregulation and hydration. The purpose of this study was to quantify fluid loss in recreational surfers, and to analyze the effects of water temperature, air temperature, exercise intensity, duration, and garment thickness on the total amount of fluid lost during a surf session. A total of 254 male and 52 female recreational surfers were recruited from San Diego, Costa Rica, and Australia to participate in the study.

sp. (T18) Oil as a Fish Oil Replacement in Diets for Juvenile Rainbow Trout (): Effects on Growth Performance, Tissue Fatty Acid Content, and Lipid-Related Transcript Expression.

In this study, we evaluated whether oil extracted from the marine microbe, sp. (strain T18), with high levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could replace fish oil (FO) in diets for rainbow trout (). Three experimental diets were tested: (1) a control diet with fish oil (FO diet), (2) a microbial oil (MO) diet with a blend of camelina oil (CO) referred to as MO/CO diet, and (3) a MO diet (at a higher inclusion level).

"There Is a Lot of Practice in Not Thinking about That": Structural, Interpersonal, and Individual-Level Barriers to HIV/STI Prevention among Reservation Based American Indians.

American Indians (AI) face significant disparities in HIV/STI morbidity and mortality, and historical, structural, interpersonal, and individual level barriers stymie prevention efforts. The objective of this paper is to examine barriers to HIV/STI prevention among reservation-based AI. We conducted face-to-face qualitative interviews with 17 reservation-based AI community leaders and community members in Southern California on HIV/STI knowledge and attitudes and barriers to prevention.

Sexual Health Problems among Service Men: The Influence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Military operational stressors, such as combat exposure, may increase the risk of sexual health problems. This study examined factors associated with sexual health problems, and tested the mediating effect of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the association between stressors (i.e.

The ePix10k 2-megapixel hard X-ray detector at LCLS.

The ePix10ka2M (ePix10k) is a new large area detector specifically developed for X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) applications. The hybrid pixel detector was developed at SLAC to provide a hard X-ray area detector with a high dynamic range, running at the 120 Hz repetition rate of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The ePix10k consists of 16 modules, each with 352 × 384 pixels of 100 µm × 100 µm distributed on four ASICs, resulting in a 2.

A versatile Johansson-type tender x-ray emission spectrometer.

We present a high energy resolution x-ray spectrometer for the tender x-ray regime (1.6-5.0 keV) that was designed and operated at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource.

Hypertension in military veterans is associated with combat exposure and combat injury.

Background: Although the long-term effects of combat injury are not well understood, there is emerging concern that exposure to combat environments and subsequent injury may increase the risk of hypertension through changes in inflammatory responses, psychological stress and mental health, and health behaviors.

Methods: Data from the Millennium Cohort Study and the Department of Defense Trauma Registry were used to identify combat-exposed and combat-injured participants. Incident hypertension diagnoses were ascertained from the Millennium Cohort survey.

Longitudinal trajectories of comorbid PTSD and depression symptoms among U.S. service members and veterans.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study examined longitudinal trajectories of PTSD and MDD symptoms among service members and veterans with comorbid PTSD/MDD.

Methods: Eligible participants (n = 1704) for the Millennium Cohort Study included those who screened positive at baseline for both PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version) and MDD (Patient Health Questionnaire).

Antarctic thraustochytrids: Producers of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Thraustochytrids have been isolated from different aquatic systems; however, few studies have reported their occurrence in Antarctica. In this study, 13 strains close to strains belonging to the genera Oblongichytrium, Thraustochytrium, and Aurantiochytrium were isolated from seawater samples collected near the Antarctic Base Professor Julio Escudero (S 62°12'57' E 58°57'35″). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was found in the total lipids of all the isolates; DHA content of the biomass (dry weight) varied between 3.

A high-throughput energy-dispersive tender X-ray spectrometer for shot-to-shot sulfur measurements.

An X-ray emission spectrometer that can detect the sulfur Kα emission lines with large throughput and a high energy resolution is presented. The instrument is based on a large d-spacing perfect Bragg analyzer that diffracts the sulfur Kα emission at close to backscattering angles. This facilitates the application of efficient concepts routinely employed in hard X-ray spectrometers towards the tender X-ray regime.

The Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source.

The Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography (MFX) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the seventh and newest instrument at the world's first hard X-ray free-electron laser. It was designed with a primary focus on structural biology, employing the ultrafast pulses of X-rays from LCLS at atmospheric conditions to overcome radiation damage limitations in biological measurements. It is also capable of performing various time-resolved measurements.

Efficient Extraction of a Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)-Rich Lipid Fraction from sp. Using Ionic Liquids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a significant role in the modulation and prevention of various diseases, and hence are attracting increasing attention from the biotech industry. Thraustochytrids are marine heterokonts that exhibit robust growth rates, high PUFA content, and more specifically, a large percentage of omega-3 fatty acids like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to improve the efficiency of organic solvent extraction of oils from wet oleaginous yeast and microalgae under mild conditions.

Engineering xylose metabolism in thraustochytrid T18.

Background: Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic, oleaginous, marine protists with a significant potential for biofuel production. High-value co-products can off-set production costs; however, the cost of raw materials, and in particular carbon, is a major challenge to developing an economical viable production process. The use of hemicellulosic carbon derived from agricultural waste, which is rich in xylose and glucose, has been proposed as a sustainable and low-cost approach.

Dynamic Light Scattering of Biopharmaceutics-Can Analytical Performance Be Enhanced by Laser Power?

Background: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is an important tool to characterize colloidal systems and adequate sizing is particularly critical in the field of protein formulations. Among the different factors that can influence the measurement result, the effect of laser power has so far not been studied thoroughly.

Methods: The sensitivity of a DLS instrument was first considered on a theoretical level, followed by experiments using DLS instruments, equipped with two different lasers of (nominal) 45 mW, and 100 mW, respectively.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Association With Subsequent Risky and Problem Drinking Initiation.

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and unhealthy alcohol use are commonly associated conditions. It is unknown whether specific symptoms of PTSD are associated with subsequent initiation of unhealthy alcohol use.

Methods: Data from the first 3 enrollment panels (n = 151,567) of the longitudinal Millennium Cohort Study of military personnel were analyzed (2001-2012).

Longitudinal Examination of the Influence of Individual Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Clusters of Symptoms on the Initiation of Cigarette Smoking.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether specific individual posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms or symptom clusters predict cigarette smoking initiation.

Methods: Longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study were used to estimate the relative risk for smoking initiation associated with PTSD symptoms among 2 groups: (1) all individuals who initially indicated they were nonsmokers (n = 44,968, main sample) and (2) a subset of the main sample who screened positive for PTSD (n = 1622). Participants were military service members who completed triennial comprehensive surveys that included assessments of smoking and PTSD symptoms.