In vitro evidence that the vasorelaxant effects of 2-nitro-1-phenyl-1-propanol on rat coronary arteries involve cyclic nucleotide pathways.

The synthetic nitro-alcohol 2-nitro-1-phenyl-1-propanol (NPP) has endothelium-independent relaxing properties in isolated preparations of rat aorta and mesenteric artery. In this study, we investigated whether the vasodilator effects occur in coronary vessels and explored whether hyperpolarization is involved in the underlying mechanism of NPP-induced smooth muscle relaxation. The relaxing responses were studied in isolated preparations of the left anterior descending coronary (ADC) and the septal coronary (SC) arteries, which had been previously maintained under sustained contraction induced by the thromboxane A analogue U-46619.

A New Murine Undernutrition Model Based on Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Causes Damage to the Morphofunctional Intestinal Epithelium Barrier.

Background: Complementary feeding is critical in establishing undernutrition. However, experimental undernourished diets do not represent the amount of nutrients in the complementary diets of undernourished children.

Objectives: To develop, validate, and evaluate the impact of a new murine model of undernutrition on the intestinal epithelium, based on the complementary diet of undernourished children from 7 countries with low-socioeconomic power belonging to the Malnutrition-Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) cohort study.

Phase angle values and ultra-processed food consumption are associated with changes in oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Background & Aims: Changes in dietary habits including increased intake of refined sugars and fats and decreased intake of fiber have been suggested as potential risk factors for the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA) has been gaining attention in the clinical evaluation of nutritional status. In this study, we for the first time investigated the relationship of PhA and ultra-processed food intake with oxidative stress, body composition and biochemical parameters in adult patients with IBD.

Pressure dynamics of the esophagogastric junction at rest and during inspiratory maneuvers after Nissen fundoplication.

Low sphincter pressure and inability of the crural diaphragm to elevate it at the esophagogastric junction are important pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The object of this study was to depict how Nissen fundoplication changed the resting and inspiratory pressures of the anti-reflux barrier. We selected 14 patients (eight males; mean age 42.

Physical exercise alleviates oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue and causes changes in body composition and nutritional behavior in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Aim: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women. We investigate the effect of physical exercise on body composition, nutritional parameters, and oxidative stress in rats with PCOS.

Methods: Female rats were into three groups: Control, PCOS, and PCOS + Exercise.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different human biofluids using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A prospective diagnostic study in Fortaleza, Brazil.

We adopted the reverse-transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) in patient samples. Two primer sets for genes N and Orf1ab were designed to detect SARS-CoV-2, and one primer set was designed to detect the human gene Actin. We collected prospective 138 nasopharyngeal swabs, 70 oropharyngeal swabs, 69 salivae, and 68 mouth saline wash samples from patients suspected to have severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 to test the RT-LAMP in comparison with the gold standard technique reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction  (RT-qPCR).

Consumption of a multi-deficient diet causes dynamic changes in the intestinal morphofunctional barrier, body composition and impaired physical development in post-weaning mice.

Few studies have focused on nutrient-deficient diets and associated pathobiological dynamics of body composition and intestinal barrier function. This study evaluated the impact of a nutrient-deficient diet on physical development and intestinal morphofunctional barrier in mice. C57BL/6 (21 days of age) mice were fed a Northeastern Brazil regional basic diet (RBD) or a control diet for 21 d.

Involvement of serotonergic pathways in gastric dysmotility induced by fat burning nutritional supplements in mice.

Fat burners are a category of nutritional supplements that are claimed to increase the metabolism and promote greater energy expenditure, leading to weight loss. However, little is known about the side effects on gastrointestinal motility. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ingestion with a fat burner named Thermbuterol® (THERM) on the gastric motility and food behavior of mice.

Moderate Physical Exercise Activates ATR Receptors, Improving Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Duodenum of 2K1C Hypertensive Rats.

In addition to the cardiovascular and renal systems, the gastrointestinal tract also contains angiotensin ATR, ATR, and ATR. We previously observed that the 2Kidney-1Clip hypertension model elicits physical exercise and gastrointestinal dysmotility, which is prevented by renin-angiotensin system blockers. Here, we investigate the effect of physical exercise on inflammation, stress biomarkers, and angiotensin II receptors in the duodenum of 2K1C rats.

Effects of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of clinical trials.

Context: Glutamine supplementation has been applied clinical practice to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, scientific evidence about this is still controversial.

Objective: In this review, we systematically evaluated the effects of glutamine supplementation on IBD, based on evidence from randomized clinical trials.

The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, reverses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.

Aims: We examined the effects of treatment with 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (NP), a novel soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats.

Main Methods: At day 0, male adult rats were injected with a single subcutaneous (s.c.

An easy and low-cost biomagnetic methodology to study regional gastrointestinal transit in rats.

The identification of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders requires the evaluation of regional GI transit, and the development of alternative methodologies in animals has a significant impact on translational approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate an easy and low-cost methodology (alternate current biosusceptometry - ACB) for the assessment of regional GI transit in rats through images. Rats were fed a test meal containing magnetic tracer and phenol red, and GI segments (stomach, proximal, medial and distal small intestine, and cecum) were collected to assess tracer's retention at distinct times after ingestion (0, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min).

Exercise and pyridostigmine prevents gastric emptying delay and increase blood pressure and cisplatin-induced baroreflex sensitivity in rats.

Cisplatin treatment induces an autonomic dysfunction and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. Physical exercise as well as pyridostigmine treatment induces improves in the autonomic nervous system. In the current study, we investigated the effect of physical exercise and pyridostigmine treatment on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular changes in cisplatin-treated rats.

L-Glutamine and Physical Exercise Prevent Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Without Improving Gastric Dysmotility in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation or exercise on gastric emptying and intestinal inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). Strength exercise consisted of jump training 4 × 10 repetitions/5 days a week/8 weeks with progressive overload. Endurance exercise consisted of swimming without overload for a period of 1 h a day/5 days a week/8 weeks.

Disorders on cardiovascular parameters in rats and in human blood cells caused by Lachesis acrochorda snake venom.

In Colombia, Lachesis acrochorda causes 2-3% of all snake envenomations. The accidents promote a high mortality rate (90%) due to blood and cardiovascular complications. Here, the effects of the snake venom of L.

Win 55,212-2, atenolol and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevent acceleration of gastric emptying induced by cachexia via Yoshida-AH-130 cells in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cachexia induced by AH-130 cells on gastrointestinal motility in rats. We evaluated food intake, body weight variation, cachexia index, gastric emptying and in vitro gastric responsiveness of control or cachexia rats. In addition, we evaluated the effect of pretreatment with atenolol (20 mg/kg, p.

Polysaccharide from Gracilaria caudata protects the human esophageal mucosal barrier: A differential topical effect and structural dependence.

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro protective effect of topical treatment with a native sulfated polysaccharide of G. caudata (SP-Gc), hydrolyzed (H-SP-Gc), or desulfated (D-SP-Gc) polysaccharide of Gracilaria caudata in esophageal biopsies obtained from GERD patients. Biopsies were obtained from nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) patients and from erosive esophagitis patients.

Cashew gum, a biopolymer, topically protects oesophageal mucosa in non erosive reflux disease: A promising translational study.

This study aimed to investigate a standardized biopolymer, cashew gum (CG), in human oesophageal mucosa and mice with experimentally-induced non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). Human oesophageal biopsies from NERD patients were collected to evaluate the mucosal protection of CG through transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), mucosal permeability, and mucoadhesiveness tests. A surgical model of NERD in mice was induced, and barrier functions followed by suggestive oesophageal inflammatory hallmarks were evaluated.

Neryl butyrate induces contractile effects on isolated preparations of rat aorta.

Neryl butyrate is a constituent of volatile oils obtained from aromatic plants. Aliphatic organic compound analogues chemically close to neryl butyrate possess vasodilator properties in rat aorta. To evaluate whether neryl butyrate has relaxing properties, this study tested its effects on isolated rat aorta.

Influence of the physical exercise on decrease in the gastric emptying and alter appetite and food behavior in rats dexamethasone-treatment.

The chronic use of Dexamethasone (Dex) induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. On the other hand, physical exercise attenuates the symptoms induced by Dex in many physiological systems. However, the effect of the exercise on the changes in gastric motility induced by dexamethasone remains unknown.

Stimulation of pulmonary vagal C-fibers by trans-4-methyl-β-nitrostyrene induces bradycardiac and depressor reflex in rats: Role of vanilloid TRPV receptors.

Previously, we showed that the synthetic nitroderivative trans-4-methyl-β-nitrostyrene (T4MeN) induced vasorelaxant effects in rat isolated aortic rings. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of T4MeN in normotensive rats. In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, intravenous (i.

Impairment of rat oesophageal muscle contractility associated with experimental non-erosive oesophageal mucosal damage.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Is the responsiveness of isolated segments of the rat oesophagus to contractile or relaxant stimuli susceptible to acute luminal exposure of the oesophagus to an acid solution that contains pepsin and bile salt? What is the main finding and its importance? The study reveals that luminal acidity is an important factor that disrupts barrier function in the oesophagus to allow the diffusion of noxious agents, such as bile acid, that alter the contractile status of the oesophageal body, even in the absence of inflammation.

Abstract: We investigated whether the experimental simulation of duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux alters the contractile responsiveness of rat oesophageal strips. After 30 min of luminal exposure to a solution at acid pH that contained pepsin and taurodeoxycholic acid, isolated strips of the rat oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction were subjected to contractile or relaxing stimuli.