Medical Student Patient Outreach to Ensure Continuity of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Yale New Haven Health System began rescheduling nonurgent outpatient appointments as virtual visits in March 2020. While Yale New Haven Health expanded its telemedicine infrastructure to accommodate this shift, many appointments were delayed and patients faced considerable uncertainty.

Objective: Medical students created the Medical Student Task Force (MSTF) to help ensure continuity of care by calling patients whose appointments were delayed during this transition to telemedicine.

Using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Review and Classify the Medical Literature on Cancer Susceptibility Genes.

Purpose: The medical literature relevant to germline genetics is growing exponentially. Clinicians need tools that help to monitor and prioritize the literature to understand the clinical implications of pathogenic genetic variants. We developed and evaluated two machine learning models to classify abstracts as relevant to the penetrance-risk of cancer for germline mutation carriers-or prevalence of germline genetic mutations.

Validation of a Semiautomated Natural Language Processing-Based Procedure for Meta-Analysis of Cancer Susceptibility Gene Penetrance.

Purpose: Quantifying the risk of cancer associated with pathogenic mutations in germline cancer susceptibility genes-that is, penetrance-enables the personalization of preventive management strategies. Conducting a meta-analysis is the best way to obtain robust risk estimates. We have previously developed a natural language processing (NLP) -based abstract classifier which classifies abstracts as relevant to penetrance, prevalence of mutations, both, or neither.

The Effect of Magnification Loupes on Spontaneous Posture Change of Dental Students During Preclinical Restorative Training.

Scientific evidence validating the beneficial effect of loupes in preventing musculoskeletal disorders is very scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dental loupes on dental students' posture during a preclinical restorative dentistry course. Using a randomized crossover design, this study was conducted at the School of Dentistry, University of Nantes, France, in 2017.

Pathologic findings in reduction mammoplasty specimens: a surrogate for the population prevalence of breast cancer and high-risk lesions.

Purpose: Mammoplasty removes random samples of breast tissue from asymptomatic women providing a unique method for evaluating background prevalence of breast pathology in normal population. Our goal was to identify the rate of atypical breast lesions and cancers in women of various ages in the largest mammoplasty cohort reported to date.

Methods: We analyzed pathologic reports from patients undergoing bilateral mammoplasty, using natural language processing algorithm, verified by human review.

Clinical management of an atypical dental invagination.

Dental invagination (DI) is a tooth malformation that usually affects permanent teeth. Its precise etiology is still controversial and represents a clinical challenge as it can favor the development of carious lesion or periodontal inflammation. This paper presents a case of a 23-year-old Caucasian male, where an atypical buccal DI could not be completely diagnosed in the dens invaginatus category.

Pilot Study of Laser Doppler Measurement of Flow Variability in the Microcirculation of the Palatal Mucosa.

Background. Histopathological alterations can arise when the denture-supporting mucosa experiences microbial and mechanical stress through the denture base and diagnosis of these diseases usually follows microvascular changes. Microcirculation measurement could allow for detection of such dysfunction and aid in the early diagnosis of palatal mucosa pathologies.

A recall program for the outcome of conventional root canal treatment performed in a teaching hospital.

Objectives: This study investigated the long-term survival and the prognostic factors of endodontic treatments performed in a dental teaching hospital. The aim was to calculate the probabilities of success or failure according to the follow-up extent and to assess the time allowed for a complete periapical healing.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 185 teeth were re-examined 1-4 years after treatment.

Evaluation of the ability of laser Doppler flowmetry for the assessment of pulp vitality in general dental practice.

Objectives: In this study we investigated pulpal blood flow (PBF) values and moving blood cell velocity (MBCV) curves recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) for pulpal vitality diagnosis in general dental practice and to compare MBCV curves to standard diagnostic tests in traumatology.

Study Design: LDF tests performed with the PeriFlux System 5000 were applied to vital and nonvital (endodontic treatment) teeth of healthy students (n = 52) and on 24 luxated teeth of patients.

Results: The PBF values were not reproducible and no statistically significant differences were observed between vital and nonvital teeth.

Bioactive materials in endodontics.

Endodontic treatment in dentistry is a delicate procedure and many treatment attempts fail. Despite constant development of new root canal filling techniques, the clinician is confronted with both a complex root canal system and the use of filling materials that are harmful for periapical tissues. This paper evaluates reported studies on biomaterials used in endodontics, including calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate ceramics and calcium phosphate cements.

Progenitor cell isolation from muscle-derived cells based on adhesion properties.

Adult skeletal muscle possesses remarkable regenerative capacity that has conventionally been attributed to the satellite cells. These precursor cells were thought to contain distinct populations with varying myogenic potential. Recently, the identification of multipotent stem cells capable of new myofiber formation has expanded the general view on the muscle regenerative process.

Effects of Er:YAG and Nd:YAP laser irradiation on the surface roughness and free surface energy of enamel and dentin: an in vitro study.

Sixty-seven extracted molars were selected (134 samples). Dentin and enamel samples were prepared by buccal and lingual surface sectioning to expose a planar enamel or dentin surface. For the roughness study, 80 samples were randomly assigned to eight groups.

Microleakage of class V composite restorations following Er:YAG and Nd:YAP laser irradiation compared to acid-etch: an In vitro study.

This study compared microleakage at enamel/composite and dentine/composite interfaces following Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAP laser, or acid-etch preparation. Class V cavities produced on the lingual and buccal surfaces of 20 extracted carie- and restoration-free human teeth were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 cavities. Teeth were treated with 37% phosphoric acid and primer (group 1), irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (group 2) or an Nd:YAP laser (group 3), or served as controls (group 4).

Temperature rise during Er:YAG and Nd:YAP laser ablation of dentin.

This in vitro study compared temperature rises during cavity preparation with an Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAP laser, and a high-speed handpiece. Eighteen teeth were sectioned longitudinally and divided into six groups: group 1 was treated with a carbide bur on a high-speed dental handpiece; group 2 was treated with an Er:YAG laser with an energy of 140 mJ, a pulse repetition rate of 4 Hz; and group 3 was treated with an Nd:YAP laser with an energy of 240 mJ, a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. In these groups no water cooling was used.

Scanning electron microscopic analysis of diseased and healthy dental hard tissues after Er:YAG laser irradiation: in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to treat carious lesions, sound dentin, and enamel either with conventional methods or with an Er:YAG laser and to compare the results. Thirty freshly extracted carious human teeth were divided into two groups. In the first group, lesions were treated with burs in a dental handpiece; in the second group, we used the Er:YAG laser with parameters recommended by the manufacturer (Kavo).

Electroencephalographical-anatomical correlation of brain tumours in infancy and childhood.

EEG correlated with anatomical aspects of 198 brain tumours in children gave the following results in hemispheric neoplasms: a rather precise location in 40% of the cases; lateralized in 42%; 14% showed only generalized anomalies and 4% were normal tracings. The findings depended on location and ICP condition, but not on neurological signs nor on histological nature. Basal-midline location (88 tumors) displayed 82.

Electroencephalographic desynchronization during deep sleep after destruction of midbrain-limbic pathways in the cat.

Lesions which interrupt the ascending limb of the midbrain-limbic circuit in the cat at different levels, or which even destroy it completely, do not prevent electroencephalographic desynchronization at the beginning of periods of deep sleep, nor do they affect the maintenance of desynchronization throughout the sleep episodes. The pontine mechanisms responsible for these electroencephalographic patterns can apparently exert their influence through ascending pathways other than those directly impinging on the hypothalamus and the limbic system.