Multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of rice noncoding sequences for transgene-free overexpression.

Understanding CRISPR-Cas9's capacity to produce native overexpression (OX) alleles would accelerate agronomic gains achievable by gene editing. To generate OX alleles with increased RNA and protein abundance, we leveraged multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of noncoding sequences upstream of the rice gene. We isolated 120 gene-edited alleles with varying non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity in vivo-from knockout to overexpression-using a high-throughput screening pipeline.

Metabolomic, photoprotective, and photosynthetic acclimatory responses to post-flowering drought in sorghum.

Climate change is globally affecting rainfall patterns, necessitating the improvement of drought tolerance in crops. is a relatively drought-tolerant cereal. Functional stay-green sorghum genotypes can maintain green leaf area and efficient grain filling during terminal post-flowering water deprivation, a period of ~10 weeks.

Did Failure Occur Because of Medial Column Instability That Was Not Recognized, or Did It Develop After Surgery?

Medial column instability is a primary deforming force in the setting of pes planovalgus deformity. Consideration for medial column stabilization only after correction of the hindfoot deformity may result in creating a rigid hindfoot, compromising clinical outcomes. Careful analysis of the lateral radiograph to determine whether the deformity is secondary to the medial column or true peritalar subluxation may allow superior outcomes.

Treatment of Foot and Ankle Neuroma Pain With Processed Nerve Allografts.

Background: Localized nerve pain in the foot and ankle can be a chronic source of disability after trauma and has been identified as the most common complication following operative interventions in the foot and ankle. The superficial location of the injured nerves and lack of suitable tissue for nerve implantation make this pain refractory to conventional methods of neuroma management. We describe a novel strategy for management using processed nerve allografts to bridge nerve gaps created by resection of both end neuromas and neuromas-in-continuity.

Effect of Arthroscopic Evaluation of Acute Ankle Fractures on PROMIS Intermediate-Term Functional Outcomes.

Background: Following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of unstable ankle fractures, some patients have persistent pain and poor outcomes. This may be secondary to intra-articular injuries that occur at the time of fracture, which occur in up to 88% of fractures. Ankle arthroscopy at the time of ORIF has been proposed to address these intra-articular injuries.

Prevalence of and factors associated with posterior tibial tendon pathology on sonographic assessment.

Objective: To assess the frequency of and factors associated with supramalleolar posterior tibial tendon (PTT) pathology that often may be missed on sonography because of the limited field of view of ultrasound.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Large academic center.

Fresh osteochondral allograft for the treatment of cartilage defects of the talus: a retrospective review.

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome can cause substantial functional impairment and present a difficult treatment dilemma. Interest has recently focused on fresh osteochondral allografts as a promising treatment alternative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of osteochondral lesions of the talus treated with a fresh osteochondral allograft.

Nerve stimulator-guided supplemental popliteal sciatic nerve block after a failed sciatic block does not increase the incidence of transient postoperative neurologic sequelae.

Background: Supplemental peripheral nerve blocks are not commonly performed in adults because of concerns of cumulative exposure of the nerve to the local anesthetic as well as increased ischemia from epinephrine. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative neurologic symptoms after a failed subgluteal sciatic nerve block and a supplemental popliteal sciatic nerve block.

Methods: Five hundred twelve adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery were prospectively studied (1 yr).

Mid-diaphyseal fibular fractures with syndesmotic disruption: should we plate the fibula?

Background: The treatment of mid-diaphyseal fibula fractures with syndesmotic disruption is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of 2 fixation constructs.

Materials And Methods: Eight pairs of human cadaveric legs were divided into two groups, both of which had midshaft fibular osteotomies and disruption of all ligamentous support up to the osteotomy level.

Ultrasound diagnosis of peroneal tendon tears. A surgical correlation.

Background: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an established diagnostic technique for the assessment of tendon injuries. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ultrasound is effective for evaluating peroneal tendon injuries, with surgical findings used as the standard of reference.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with a suspected peroneal tendon injury were prospectively evaluated with use of dynamic ultrasound.

Plantar forefoot pressure changes after second metatarsal neck osteotomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate plantar pressure changes after second metatarsal neck osteotomy using the Weil technique.

Methods: Six below-knee cadaver specimens were used. Each specimen was held in a custom-built apparatus and loaded to 500 N for a period of 3 seconds.

Technical considerations in hallux metatarsalphalangeal arthrodesis.

Metatarsalphalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis remains the gold standard for arthritis and salvage of the painful first MTP joint. There is a variety of techniques, approaches, and armamentarium to consider, depending on the clinical presentation and host factors. This article reviews these presents the author's personal experience.

Acute surgical management of Jones' fractures.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical management for acute Jones' fractures and Torg types I and II proximal diaphyseal stress fractures presenting acutely in both athletes and nonathletes. Twenty-two patients underwent intramedullary screw fixation between 1994 and 1999. Immediate intramedullary screw fixation of acute Jones' fractures and type I stress fractures resulted in a 100% union rate with an average time to union of 6.