Spray Momentum Flux Novel Estimation Procedure through the Fuel Rate of Injection Using Hydrogenated Fuels with Single Hole Nozzle Diesel Injector.

Sustainable means of transport require the innovation or development of propulsive systems more respectful of the environment. Despite current criticism, modern compression-ignition engines are efficient alternatives also in light aviation and surveillance drones (such as small helicopters), as means of air transport. Currently, the improvement of the injection, air-fuel mixture formation, and combustion processes using sustainable synthetic fuels, produced from renewable raw materials or by carbon dioxide capture, is a reality.

Macroscopic Parameters of Fuel Sprays Injected in an Optical Reciprocating Single-Cylinder Engine: An Approximation by Means of Visualization with Schlieren Technique.

This paper proposes a sensor system for an internal combustion engine based on a new vision-based algorithm supported by the Schlieren sensorization technique, which allows to acquire the macroscopic parameters of the fuel spray injected in a reciprocating internal combustion engine under unmanned aerial vehicle-like conditions. The sensor system proposed here is able to automatically determine the spray cone angle, its area and its penetration. In addition, the external surface and the volume of the fuel spray is estimated together with the injector opening delay and the ignition delay.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a gigantic gastric polyp aided by a novel retraction device and complicated by upper esophageal sphincter laceration during retrieval.

Video 1Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a sizeable gastric polyp with a short and broad stalk assisted by a novel traction device.

Good and bad get together: Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in particulate matter pollution from different fuels.

Air pollution and associated particulate matter (PM) affect environmental and human health worldwide. The intense vehicle usage and the high population density in urban areas are the main causes of this public health impact. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence on the effect of air pollution on airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 disease prevalence and symptomatology.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection to treat squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the anal canal.

Background And Aims: The standard treatment for invasive squamous cell anal cancer is chemoradiation treatment. However, treatment options for high-grade dysplasia (squamous cell cancer in situ) are either surgical excision or topical treatment modalities. There are a few case reports, mainly from Japan, about resecting early squamous cell anal cancer (high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ) by endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID-19.

Current results do not provide conclusive evidence on the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 alone or in combination with other factors. To address this limitation, in this study we used a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data worldwide during 2 October 2020-30 October 2020 (1,233 individuals) in a structured way for analysing factors and characteristics of affected individuals in relation to BCG vaccination. For the first time, the results of our study suggested that vaccination with BCG may increase the risk for COVID-19 at certain age, particularly in individuals vaccinated at childhood.

Symptomatic CNS Radiation Necrosis Requiring Neurosurgical Resection During Treatment with Lorlatinib in -Rearranged NSCLC: A Report of Two Cases.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis carries a significant morbidity and mortality in anaplastic lymphoma kinase ()-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Next-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly CNS-penetrant and have demonstrated remarkable intracranial activity across clinical studies, and yet radiation remains the mainstay of treatment modality against CNS metastasis. We have previously reported alectinib can induce CNS radiation necrosis even after a remote history of radiation (7 years post-radiation).

Correlation for the estimation of the density of fatty acid esters fuels and its implications. A proposed Biodiesel Cetane Index.

Biodiesel fuels (methyl or ethyl esters derived from vegetables oils and animal fats) are currently being used as a means to diminish the crude oil dependency and to limit the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. However, their physical properties are different from traditional fossil fuels, this making uncertain their effect on new, electronically controlled vehicles. Density is one of those properties, and its implications go even further.

Radical retropubic prostatectomy outcomes at a community hospital.

Purpose: We reviewed a 6-year experience performing radical retropubic prostatectomy at 2 community hospitals (for-profit and not-for-profit) to assess outcomes and to compare them to the published literature reflecting outcomes from major academic hospitals.

Materials And Methods: Charts of 116 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (nerve sparing in select cases) between 1990 and 1996 were reviewed for clinical and pathological outcomes as well as hospital charges. Subjective patient reports of urinary continence, potency and satisfaction were evaluated postoperatively.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell proliferation presenting as interstitial lung disease.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNEC) hyperplasia typically occurs as an adaptive response in persons living at high altitudes and as a reactive response in the setting of lung injury. However, previous studies suggest that PNEC hyperplasia can occur in the absence of preexisting lung disease and may even give rise to airway disease through the development of pulmonary tumorlets and airway fibrosis and perhaps the release of paracrine secretions. We describe a patient with diffuse PNEC proliferation of a probable hyperplastic nature developing in the absence of a chronic pulmonary disorder who presented clinically with an interstitial lung process.

Clinical and pathobiological effects of neoadjuvant total androgen ablation therapy on clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Neoadjuvant total androgen ablation therapy leads to involutional changes in prostatic carcinoma and may have the potential to downstage operable prostate cancers. We studied 27 clinically localized prostatic carcinomas after 3 months of combined treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, goserelin acetate, and the antiandrogen flutamide, followed by radical retropubic prostatectomy, for changes in the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, changes in prostatic volume, therapy-induced histopathologic changes, DNA ploidy, and proliferative activity. Ten hormonally untreated, grade-matched prostatic adenocarcinomas served as controls.

Immunohistochemical detection of cathepsin D in T2N0M0 breast carcinoma.

Recent studies have reported significant but inconsistent correlations between tumor cathepsin D (CD) concentration and prognosis in breast carcinoma. To investigate the tissue distribution and a prognostic utility of CD in breast carcinoma, 159 cases of T2N0M0 breast carcinoma with a minimum of 10 years' follow-up were studied for CD expression by immunohistochemistry. This group of patients was chosen for study because of current interest in prognostic markers for stage I breast carcinoma and the likelihood that there would be sufficient recurrences in this group to detect significant differences.

Atypical basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate.

Basal cell hyperplasia classically has been described as having bland cytologic features. During the past 2 years, we have seen 12 cases (11 in consultation) with atypical features that were confused with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Eleven of these 12 cases contained prominent nucleoli mimicking carcinoma; in the 12th case, nuclei were enlarged, hyperchromatic, and moderately pleomorphic.

Correlation of prostate cancer nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, size, shape and Gleason grade with pathological stage at radical prostatectomy.

Using image cytometry and a video planimetry unit, various deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) measurements, nuclear size and shape factors, and Gleason grade were correlated with capsular penetration, seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node involvement in 113 radical prostatectomy specimens. Percentage of nondiploid cells was the best DNA measurement and standard deviation of nuclear area was the best size measurement correlating with capsular penetration. However, stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that Gleason grade was the only independent predictor of capsular penetration.

Segmental mediolytic arteritis involving hepatic arteries.

Segmental mediolytic arteritis is a rare, noninflammatory arteriopathy that involves the splanchnic arteries of adults with shock and the coronary arteries of neonates with hypoxemia. We report the first case (to our knowledge) of segmental mediolytic arteritis involving the hepatic arteries. The lesion begins with cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration of the arterial smooth-muscle cells, which then progresses to coalescence of vacuoles, leading to disruption of the media, intramural hemorrhage, and periadventitial fibrin deposition.

Nuclear morphology of prostatic carcinoma: comparison of computerized image analysis (CAS 200) versus video planimetry (DynaCELL).

We compared mean nuclear size and mean nuclear shape (nuclear roundness) on Feulgen-stained smears from 113 cases of prostatic carcinoma analyzed by DynaCELL system at x 100 magnification versus CAS system at x 40 where DNA can be assessed simultaneously. Correlation coefficients were 0.67 for size and -0.

Loss of medullary dendritic cells in the thymus after cyclosporine and irradiation.

Cyclosporine (CsA) induces a paradoxical graft-vs-host-like disease (GVHD) in syngeneic rat chimeras, providing the rat has a thymus and receives mediastinal irradiation. Here we evaluate the effect of CsA and irradiation on the relative abundance of thymic dendritic cells (DC). DC were identified with an immunoperoxidase stain for ED1 and were quantified by computerized planimetry.

Effects of cyclosporin A on the splenic tissue of rats: a histomorphometric analysis.

Histological studies demonstrated that long-term cyclosporin A treatment of nonantigenically challenged (untransplanted and unimmunized) Lewis rats markedly reduces the total percentage of splenic white pulp when compared to untreated control spleens (mean = 24 vs 34%, P less than 0.001). Direct measurements of periarteriolar sheaths and marginal zones demonstrated a marked reduction in size of these compartments in cyclosporin A-treated rats compared to untreated controls (P less than 0.