Isolation, Potential Beneficial Properties, and Assessment of Storage Stability of Direct-Fed Microbial Consortia from Wild-Type Chicken Intestine.

Direct-fed microorganisms (DFM) are recognized as an alternative to antibiotic-based growth promoters in poultry production due to their health benefits. DFM, however, should undergo rigorous safety testing to ensure they meet the criteria to be "Generally Recognized as Safe." This study assessed eight bacterial consortia (BC) isolated from the ileal and cecal intestinal regions of wild-type chickens, subjecting them to probiotic tests.

Microbial colonization dynamics of the postnatal digestive tract of Bos indicus calves.

The rumen and the jejunum of calves have distinct functional roles; the former is in the storage and fermentation of feed, and the latter is in transporting digesta to the ileum. It is unknown how nutrition changes the evolution of the microbiome of these organs after birth. We sequenced and characterized the entire microbiome of the rumen and the jejunum from Bos indicus calves of the Mexican Tropics to study their dynamics at Days 0, 7, 28, and 42 after birth.

Study on manipulation of ruminal fermentation using a bioelectrochemical system.

The purpose of this work was to develop a two-chamber bioelectrochemical cell to modify the metabolic activity of rumen microorganisms by applying an electric potential to the ruminal liquid. Carbohydrate fermentation changes were evaluated along with a molecular characterization by DNA sequencing of the ruminal microbial community. We observed that an electrochemical stimulation potential of 0.

Isolation of bacterial consortia with probiotic potential from the rumen of tropical calves.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to their animal host by balancing the composition of its gastrointestinal microbiota and modulating its immune response. In this work, we studied bacterial consortia isolated from the rumen of 28- and 42-day-old calves to select those showing probiotic capacity. Consortia were characterized and their growth dynamics were determined in several growth media.

Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Lipoic Acid with Antioxidant Properties as a Potential Nutritional Supplement.

The addition of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) to a balanced diet might be crucial for the prevention of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Due to its low half-life and instability under stomach-like conditions, α-lipoic acid was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs). The resulting chitosan nanoparticles containing 20% / ALA (Ch-ALA-NPs) with an average diameter of 44 nm demonstrated antioxidant activity and stability under stomach-like conditions for up to 3 h.

Glucocorticoid gene regulation of aquaporin-7.

AQP7 is the primary glycerol transporter in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues. There are immediate and quantitatively important actions of cortisone over the expression of AQP7 in murine and human adipocytes. Short-term response (minutes) of cortisone treatment result in an mRNA overexpression in white and brown differentiated adipocytes (between 1.

PPAR Agonists Promote the Differentiation of Porcine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Adipogenic and Myogenic Lineages.

Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of PPAR agonists on the differentiation and metabolic features of porcine mesenchymal stem cells induced to the adipogenic or myogenic lineages.

Methods: Bone marrow MSCs from neonate pigs were isolated and identified by cell proliferation, cell surface markers or the gene expression of stem cells (CD44, CD90, CD105 or Oct4 and Nanog, respectively). Cells were differentiated into adipose or muscle cells and treated with the PPAR agonists; adipogenic and myogenic differentiation was promoted by adding these compounds.

Bovine (Bos taurus) Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cell Differentiation to Adipogenic and Myogenic Lineages.

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists on the differentiation and metabolic features of bovine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells induced to adipogenic or myogenic lineages.

Methods: Cells isolated from 7-day-old calves were cultured in basal medium (BM). For adipogenic differentiation, cells were cultured for one passage in BM and then transferred to a medium supplemented with either rosiglitazone, telmisartan, sirtinol or conjugated c-9, t-11 linoleic acid; for myogenic differentiation, third-passage cells were added with either bezafibrate, telmisartan or sirtinol.

In vitro conversion of ß-carotene to retinal in bovine rumen fluid by a recombinant ß-carotene- 15, 15'-monooxygenase.

Pasture-fed cattle yield carcasses with yellow fat; consumers often reject the resulting meat products because they assume they come from old and/or culled animals. Recombinant bacteria expressing beta-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase, introduced into the rumen of the animal, might help to reduce the coloration since this enzyme converts carotene to retinal, thereby eliminating the source of yellowness. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of a recombinant beta-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase (BCMO1) from Gallus gallus, expressed in Escherichia coli.

Cloning of the bovine beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase and expression in gonadal tissues.

Beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (betaCO), found mainly in intestinal mucosa and liver, is the enzyme responsible for cleaving beta-carotene into retinal, which can be used or stored at these sites or carried by the bloodstream to different target cells within the body. We isolated the cDNA for bovine betaCO and demonstrated its expression in gonadal tissues. A cDNA of 2130 base pairs (bp) was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), using degenerate oligonucleotides; the deduced protein shared an identity of 75% with its homologues from other mammalian species.

A potential role for beta-carotene in avian embryonic development.

Vitamin A is essential for vertebrate embryonic development; dietary carotenoids are the primary source of vitamin A since animals cannot synthesize it de novo. To study the role of beta-carotene during embryonic development, we analyzed in chick embryos the expression of beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-oxygenase (beta-oxy) which cleaves beta-carotene to produce two molecules of retinal. Beta-oxy transcripts were detected in one-and-a-half- to five-day-old embryo homogenates and in situ hybridization in five-day-old embryos, revealing their presence in tissues including the central nervous system, lungs, limbs, and cardiovascular system.