Exposure of pregnant women and their children to pyrethroid insecticides in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Pyrethroids are commonly used insecticides in Brazil. Gestational and early childhood exposure to pyrethroids has been linked to adverse health effects, including neurodevelopmental delays, behavioral issues, and endocrine disruption. This study evaluated the exposure of pregnant women and their children to pyrethroid insecticides in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Cancer mortality and premature deaths among hairdressers in Brazil.

Unlabelled: Hairdresser is an occupation classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probably carcinogenic (Group 2A) for lung and bladder cancer, but evidence is accumulating on its association with other cancer types. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to compare the cancer mortality and premature mortality between hairdressers and other workers in Brazil.

Methods: In this exploratory study, information on deaths by selected cancers that occurred in Brazil, from 1996 to 2020, among workers aged 20-70y, with identified occupation was gathered from the Brazilian Mortality Information System.

Persistent Organic Pollutant Levels in Maternal and Cord Blood Plasma and Breast Milk: Results from the Rio Birth Cohort Pilot Study of Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development (PIPA Study).

Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were evaluated in the breast milk and maternal and umbilical cord blood of pregnant women and their newborns in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The concentration of 11 PCB and 17 OCP were measured in 135 samples of maternal, and 116 samples of cord blood plasma, as well as 40, 47, and 45 samples of breast milk at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months after birth, respectively, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). Women were asked to answer an enrollment questionnaire with reproductive, lifestyle, residential and sociodemographic questions.

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) through medical-hospital devices: A systematic review.

This systematic review explored the literature pertaining to patient exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) through medical-hospital devices. The acronym PICO: Patient (Medical-hospital devices), Intervention/Exposure (Bisphenol A), Comparison (Different grades of exposure) and Outcome (Assessment of exposure levels) was used. The databases used were LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Capes Journal Portal, Food Science Source, FSTA and CINAHL with Full Text from EBSCO, Embase and Scopus by Elsevier, Web of Science and SCIELO.

Human Health Risk Assessment Is Associated with the Consumption of Metal-Contaminated Groundwater around the Marituba Landfill, Amazonia, Brazil.

Groundwater is present in its purest form beneath the earth's surface. However, metal contamination is potentially a problem faced by many countries. For this reason, the present study aims to make an assessment of the risks associated with groundwater consumption around the Marituba landfill in an Amazon region.

Levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and antinuclear antibodies in Brazilian agricultural workers exposed to pesticides and fertilizers.

Despite evidence from human and animal studies of pesticide immunotoxicity, little is known about the relationship between agricultural pesticide use and autoimmunity. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between pesticide use and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) levels. A cross-sectional study including healthy 52 agricultural and 68 non-agricultural workers aged 17-69 years was conducted in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Environmental pollutant exposure associated with altered early-life gut microbiome: Results from a birth cohort study.

Emerging evidence shows that the gut microbiota interacts with environmental pollutants, but the effect of early exposure on the neonatal microbiome remains unknown. We investigated the association between maternal exposure to environmental pollutants and changes in early-life gut microbiome development. We surveyed 16S rRNA gene on meconium and fecal samples (at 1, 3, and 6 months) from the Brazilian birth cohort, and associated with levels of metals, perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFAS), and pesticides in maternal and umbilical cord blood.

Metal exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers in a Brazilian agricultural community.

We examined the association between exposure to metals, metalloids, and oxidative stress biomarkers among rural community residents in Brazil. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between serum metal and metalloid concentrations and blood oxidative stress biomarkers, adjusting for sex, age, education, smoking, and alcohol use. After adjustment for covariates, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) was inversely and significantly associated with an increase in serum arsenic (As) levels.

Serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in pregnant women: Maternal predictors and associations with birth outcomes in the PIPA Project.

Aim: Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent pollutants associated with adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors of blood PFOA and PFOS concentrations in pregnant women and to estimate their associations with birth outcomes in Brazil.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 139 pregnant women enrolled in the pilot study of the Rio Birth Cohort Study on Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development (PIPA Project).

Exposure to pesticides and oxidative stress in Brazilian agricultural communities.

Background: Oxidative stress may be an important mechanism linking pesticide exposure to several diseases. We evaluated the association between pesticide exposures and oxidative stress biomarkers in Brazilian agricultural workers.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy agricultural (N = 52) and non-agricultural workers (N = 68) in a rural community in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Mood-related behavioral and neurochemical alterations in mice exposed to low chlorpyrifos levels during the brain growth spurt.

Organophosphates are among the most used pesticides. Particularly, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is responsible for a number of deleterious effects on brain development, which may program behavioral changes later in life. Here, we investigated whether a regimen of early low level CPF exposure that did not result in a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) had deleterious effects on mood-related behaviors, as well as on cholinergic and serotonergic biomarkers in the mice brain.

Mortality from Selected Cancers among Brazilian Mechanics.

Introduction: Mechanics are exposed to known human carcinogens. This study aimed to compare mortality from selected cancers between male mechanics and the general population of the South and Southeast regions of Brazil.

Methods: Data on deaths, occurred between 2006-2017, among male mechanics and the general population, were obtained from the Mortality Information System.

Rio Birth Cohort Study on Environmental Exposure and Childhood Development - PIPA Project.

Background/objective: As a developing country, Brazil presents a wide range of environmental risks that can constitute hazards to child health. The country also presents different socio-economic-cultural conditions that could be responsible for determining different vulnerability and susceptibility levels for the population, which can potentiate the effects of the environmental pollutants. The Rio Birth Cohort Study (PIPA project) is a prospective maternal-infant health study, hosted in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil), designed to investigate separate and combined effects of environmental chemical pollutants, as well as the interactions between these exposures and sociocultural environment and epigenetic patterns.

Farming tasks and the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the agricultural health study.

Objectives: Farming has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have evaluated the effects of pesticides, but other agricultural exposures may also affect immune response.

Methods: We investigated non-pesticide agricultural exposures in relation to RA in licensed pesticide applicators (n=27 175, mostly male farmers) and their spouses (n=22 231) in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) cohort (1993-1997) who completed at least one follow-up survey through 2015.

Pesticide exposure among students and their families in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro.

Farming is a risky occupation, especially family farming in developing country. The occupational hazards commonly used in such activity could affect all family members, including children and adolescents. This study describes the pattern of pesticide exposure among students and their families from a farming region located in Nova Friburgo, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

[Essential tremor in endemic disease control agents exposed to pesticides: a case-control study].

Tremor is the most frequent movement disorder in the population and can be associated with pesticide exposure. The aim was to assess the odds of essential tremor in 442 endemic disease control agents in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, exposed to pesticides. Fifty-one cases and 204 controls were selected (1:4).

Cochlear function in students exposed to pesticides.

Purpose: To estimate the degree of association between exposure to pesticides and the risk of alteration in cochlear function in students exposed to pesticides.

Methods: This study evaluated individuals aged 8 to 30, of both genders, residing in an area of heavy pesticide use in the town of Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State. Each study participant answered a questionnaire to assess their degree of pesticide exposure.

Revisiting cancer 15 years later: Exploring mortality among agricultural and non-agricultural workers in the Serrana Region of Rio de Janeiro.

Unlabelled: Background Agricultural production has expanded dramatically throughout Brazil. Previous research in the Serrana Region found that from 1979 to 1998, agricultural workers experienced high mortality rates from certain cancers compared to non-agricultural workers [Meyer et al. (2003): Environ Res 93:264-271].

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma among Brazilian agricultural workers: A death certificate case-control study.

To estimate the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) mortality risk among agricultural workers in Brazil's southern states, we used death certificates to identify cases of NHL between the ages of 20 and 69 years from residents of nonurban municipalities between 1996 and 2005 (n = 1,317). Controls were randomly selected from those whose underlying cause of death did not include neoplasm or hematological diseases and paired with cases by sex, age, year of death, and state of residence (n = 2,634). Odds of being an agricultural worker among cases and controls were estimated by conditional logistic regression, stratified and adjusted by sex, state, education, and race.

Prevalence of very low birthweight, malformation, and low Apgar score among newborns in Brazil according to maternal urban or rural residence at birth.

Aim: Adverse birth outcomes are a major public health issue in rural areas, where several environmental risk factors, including pesticides, may endanger the health of women of reproductive age. We investigated the prevalence of selected birth outcomes among newborns from mothers living in urban and rural areas of a Brazilian municipality.

Methods: Information about all live births that occurred between 2004 and 2006 in the Municipality of Nova Friburgo, Brazil, was retrieved from the Live Birth Information System.

Cancer mortality among Brazilian dentists.

Background: Previous studies have variably shown excess risks of elected cancers among dentists.

Methods: National Brazilian mortality data were used to obtain mortality patterns among dentists between 1996 and 2004. Cancer mortality odds ratios (MORs) and cancer proportional mortality ratios for all cancer sites were calculated, using the general population and physicians and lawyers as comparison groups.