The beneficial effect of extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization in patients with refractory angina.

Objectives: The incidence of patients with refractory angina (RA) is increasing. Medical therapy for RA is limited and prognosis is poor. Experimental data suggest that the use of Extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization (ESMR) may contribute to angiogenesis and improve symptoms of angina in patients with RA.