Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 controls triacylglycerol hydrolysis in cardiomyocytes.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1 is one of four isozymes that inhibit the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA via pyruvate dehydrogenase. PDK activity is elevated in fasting or starvation conditions to conserve carbohydrate reserves. PDK has also been shown to increase mitochondrial fatty acid utilization.

Profiling polar lipids in whey protein phospholipid concentrate by LC-HRMS/MS.

Bioactive polar lipids in the milk fat globular membrane can be recovered and enriched during whey protein processing into a co-product called whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC). A food-grade solvent successfully extracted polar lipids from powdered dairy products, and lipids can be fractionated under temperature-induced crystallization. This study investigates the specific lipid species present in ethanol extracted lipid residues from commercially available WPPC using a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS lipidomics method.