Dietary breadth in kangaroos facilitated resilience to Quaternary climatic variations.

Identifying what drove the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions on the continents remains one of the most contested topics in historical science. This is especially so in Australia, which lost 90% of its large species by 40,000 years ago, more than half of them kangaroos. Determining causation has been obstructed by a poor understanding of their ecology.

Leveraging generative neural networks for accurate, diverse, and robust nanoparticle design.

Tandem neural networks for inverse design can only make single predictions, which limits the diversity of predicted structures. Here, we use conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE) for the inverse design of core-shell nanoparticles. cVAE is a type of generative neural network that generates multiple valid solutions for the same input condition.

Deep learning for mango leaf disease identification: A vision transformer perspective.

Over the last decade, the use of machine learning in smart agriculture has surged in popularity. Deep learning, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has been useful in identifying diseases in plants at an early stage. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have proven to be effective in image classification tasks.

Deep learning-driven forward and inverse design of nanophotonic nanohole arrays: streamlining design for tailored optical functionalities and enhancing accessibility.

In nanophotonics, nanohole arrays (NHAs) are periodic arrangements of nanoscale apertures in thin films that provide diverse optical functionalities essential for various applications. Fully studying NHAs' optical properties and optimizing performance demands understanding both materials and geometric parameters, which presents a computational challenge due to numerous potential combinations. Efficient computational modeling is critical for overcoming this challenge and optimizing NHA-based device performance.

Prevalence of Isthmi and Root Canal Configurations in Mandibular Permanent Teeth Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

While root canal anatomy in Middle Eastern populations is well-studied, research on isthmi in mandibular permanent teeth from this region is limited. This retrospective study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to examine isthmi prevalence and location, as well as root canal morphologies (per Vertucci's classification) in mandibular permanent teeth from a subpopulation in Ardabil, Iran. The study is aimed at enhancing our understanding of dental anatomical variations in Middle Eastern populations.

Versatility of Titanium Mesh in Comminuted Maxillofacial Fractures. A Retrospective Study.

Background: Titanium mesh provides three-dimensional stability, it is easier and quick in placement, highly malleable and adaptable hence, proved to be worth in restoring the function and form in cases of comminuted maxillofacial fractures.

Materials And Methods: A total of 12 patients were included in this retrospective study at Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Science and Hospital, from December 2015 to June 2020. Out of 12 patients, 7 reported with frontal bone fracture and 5 reported with mandibular fracture.

The effects of virtual reality-mediated tendon and nerve gliding exercises in the conservative management of carpal tunnel syndrome: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition resulting from compression of the median nerve at the wrist. First-line treatment typically involves conservative management, which commonly includes splinting and gliding exercises. Emerging evidence suggests the potential benefits of using virtual reality (VR) in rehabilitation.

Cellulose nanocrystals from celery stalk as quercetin scaffolds: A novel perspective of human holo-transferrin adsorption and digestion behaviours.

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were synthesized from celery stalks to be used as the platform for quercetin delivery. Additionally, CNCs and CNCs-quercetin were characterized using the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and zeta potential, while their interactions with human holo-transferrin (HTF) were also investigated. We examined their interaction under physiological conditions through the exertion of fluorescence, resonance light scattering, synchronized fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques.

A review of electrochemical impedance as a tool for examining cell biology and subcellular mechanisms: merits, limits, and future prospects.

Herein the development of cellular impedance biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the general principles and terms associated with the cell-electrode interface is reviewed. This family of techniques provides quantitative and sensitive information into cell responses to stimuli in real-time with high temporal resolution. The applications of cell-based impedance biosensors as a readout in cell biology is illustrated with a diverse range of examples.

BananaLSD: A banana leaf images dataset for classification of banana leaf diseases using machine learning.

Bananas, one of the most widely consumed fruits globally, are highly susceptible to various leaf spot diseases, leading to significant economic losses in banana production. In this article, we present the Banana Leaf Spot Diseases (BananaLSD) dataset, an extensive collection of images showcasing three prevalent diseases affecting banana leaves: Sigatoka, Cordana, and Pestalotiopsis. The dataset was used to develop the BananaSqueezeNet model [1].

Exploring the tripartite influence model of body image and disordered eating among adolescent girls living in Australia, China, India, and Iran.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tripartite influence model of body image and disordered eating among 12-18-year-old girls (N = 900) living in Australia (n = 184), China (n = 293), India (n = 223), and Iran (n = 200). Participants completed measures about appearance pressures from family, peers, and media, thin-ideal internalization, appearance comparisons, appearance satisfaction, and disordered eating. Results indicated that media- pressures were most salient in Australia, whereas Iranians perceived family pressures to be the strongest.

Pharmacological Management of Orofacial Pain.

Orofacial pain is a category of complex disorders, including musculoskeletal, neuropathic and neurovascular disorders, that greatly affect the quality of life of the patient. These disorders are within the fields of dentistry and medicine and management can be challenging, requiring a referral to an orofacial pain specialist, essential for adequate evaluation, diagnosis, and care. Management is specific to the diagnosis and a treatment plan is developed with diverse pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities.

Lymphoma masquerading as jaw pain, headache, and syncope: A case report.

Background: Lymphomas of parapharyngeal space often have complex manifestations, posing a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians.

Case Description: A 64-year-old man sought treatment for a 4-month history of unresolving right-sided headache and jaw pain associated with syncope, all of which started with a toothache. Since the onset of pain, the patient had undergone multiple diagnostic tests with various specialists, with no pain relief.

Investigating the relationship between DMFT and mothers' knowledge and attitude about oral health and dmft of 6-12-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more prone to tooth decay. In this regard, parents, especially their mothers, play a major role in the oral health of their children.

Materials And Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Submandibular sialolith migration.

A middle-aged male Caucasian had rejected previous offers of surgery for submandibular gland removal in the past due to concerns about surgical complications. He presented with a month's history of submandibular swelling and severe pain, which impeded his ability to eat. Prior to admission, he had been experiencing intermittent sialadenitis for several months.

Neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: a single centre case series.

Objective: Primary surgical resection remains the mainstay of management in locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have recently shown promising results in patients with recurrent locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. This study discussed four patients with locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors used prior to surgery in the 'neoadjuvant' setting.

Synchronous Hürthle cell and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) and medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) are uncommon histological subtypes of thyroid cancers, each accounting for around 3% of all thyroid cancers. A septuagenarian woman with a history of multiple primary cancer diagnoses presented with a growing left-sided neck lump. A diagnostic left thyroid lobectomy was performed, and pathological examination found two separate malignant foci: one HCC and an MTC.