The Impact of Viral Co-Infection in Children Treated With Respiratory Support Due to Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. An Observational Study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of viral co-infections on treatment length and treatment failure in children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) supported with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation therapy (HFNC).

Methods: Patients aged 0-5 years hospitalized with viral LRTI and in need of respiratory support between August 1 and December 31, 2021, were retrospectively evaluated by patient chart audits.

Results: A total of 148 children (median age 10.

Unveiling the therapeutic potentialities and chemical characterization of methanolic stem extract: A Multi-faceted investigation via , , and approaches.

Current study focused on an ethnomedicinal plant, aiming to explore its medicinal properties comprehensively. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study investigated the phytochemical components of stem extract and assessed its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, locomotor, and antidiarrheal activities. The evaluation involved a combination of , , and approaches.

Comparative genomics of the closely related fungal genera Cryptococcus and Kwoniella reveals karyotype dynamics and suggests evolutionary mechanisms of pathogenesis.

In exploring the evolutionary trajectories of both pathogenesis and karyotype dynamics in fungi, we conducted a large-scale comparative genomic analysis spanning the Cryptococcus genus, encompassing both global human fungal pathogens and nonpathogenic species, and related species from the sister genus Kwoniella. Chromosome-level genome assemblies were generated for multiple species, covering virtually all known diversity within these genera. Although Cryptococcus and Kwoniella have comparable genome sizes (about 19.

Molecular modeling of some commercially available antiviral drugs and their derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Numerous prior studies have identified therapeutic targets that could effectively combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and Main protease (Mpro). In parallel, antiviral compounds like abacavir, acyclovir, adefovir, amantadine, amprenavir, darunavir, didanosine, oseltamivir, penciclovir, and tenofovir are under investigation for their potential in drug repurposing to address this infection. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of modifying the functional groups of the aforementioned antivirals in silico.

Comparative genomics of and reveals pathogenesis evolution and contrasting karyotype dynamics via intercentromeric recombination or chromosome fusion.

A large-scale comparative genomic analysis was conducted for the global human fungal pathogens within the genus, compared to non-pathogenic species, and related species from the sister genus . Chromosome-level genome assemblies were generated for multiple species of both genera, resulting in a dataset encompassing virtually all of their known diversity. Although and have comparable genome sizes (about 19.

Water Chemistry beneath Graphene: Condensation of a Dense OH-HO Phase under Graphene.

Room temperature oxygen hydrogenation below graphene flakes supported by Ir(111) is investigated through a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations using an evolutionary search algorithm. We demonstrate how the graphene cover and its doping level can be used to trap and characterize dense mixed O-OH-HO phases that otherwise would not exist. Our study of these graphene-stabilized phases and their response to oxygen or hydrogen exposure reveals that additional oxygen can be dissolved into them at room temperature creating mixed O-OH-HO phases with an increased areal coverage underneath graphene.

In Silico Screening of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Using Molecular Docking Simulation.

Objective: To explore potential natural products against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) via the study of structural and non-structural proteins of human coronaviruses.

Methods: In this study, we performed an in-silico survey of 25 potential natural compounds acting against SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking studies were carried out using compounds against 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL), papain-like protease (PL), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), non-structural protein (nsp), human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (hACE2R), spike glycoprotein (S protein), abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1), calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and transmembrane protease serine 2.

Activation of and Signaling via B-cell-Restricted Depletion of Generates a Consistent Murine Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by disordered DNA methylation, suggesting these epigenetic changes might play a critical role in disease onset and progression. The methyltransferase is a key regulator of DNA methylation. Although somatic mutations in CLL are rare, we found that low expression is associated with more aggressive disease.

Smart-RRBS for single-cell methylome and transcriptome analysis.

The integration of DNA methylation and transcriptional state within single cells is of broad interest. Several single-cell dual- and multi-omics approaches have been reported that enable further investigation into cellular heterogeneity, including the discovery and in-depth study of rare cell populations. Such analyses will continue to provide important mechanistic insights into the regulatory consequences of epigenetic modifications.

Antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of methanol extract of Colocasia gigantea Hook. f. leaves: evidenced from in vivo and in vitro studies along with computer-aided approaches.

Background: Colocasia gigantea, locally named as kochu is well-known due to its various healing power. This research is to investigate the antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and antioxidant possibilities of the methanol soluble extract of Colocasia gigantea.

Methods: The antidiarrheal investigation was performed by using in vivo castor oil-induced diarrheal method whereas in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant investigation have been implemented by disc diffusion and DPPH scavenging method respectively.

Preneoplastic Alterations Define CLL DNA Methylome and Persist through Disease Progression and Therapy.

Most human cancers converge to a deregulated methylome with reduced global levels and elevated methylation at select CpG islands. To investigate the emergence and dynamics of the cancer methylome, we characterized genome-wide DNA methylation in pre-neoplastic monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including serial samples collected across disease course. We detected the aberrant tumor-associated methylation landscape at CLL diagnosis and found no significantly differentially methylated regions in the high-count MBL-to-CLL transition.

Unveiling pharmacological studies provide new insights on and .

and both is an ethnomedicinally important Asian herb that has been known for numerous healing activity of tribal people. The present research aims to investigate the phytochemical analysis with , possibilities of the soluble ethanol extract of root (EEMLR) and leaves (EEQGL) by an experimental approach. The plant extract of EEMLR and EEQGL was found secondary metabolites, notably steroids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, gums, and alkaloids.

Pharmacological insights and prediction of lead bioactive isolates of Dita bark through experimental and computer-aided mechanism.

Dita bark (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

Distinct evolutionary paths in chronic lymphocytic leukemia during resistance to the graft-versus-leukemia effect.

Leukemic relapse remains a major barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for aggressive hematologic malignancies. The basis for relapse of advanced lymphoid malignancies remains incompletely understood and may involve escape from the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. We hypothesized that for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with allo-HSCT, leukemic cell-intrinsic features influence transplant outcomes by directing the evolutionary trajectories of CLL cells.

Cancer-Germline Antigen Expression Discriminates Clinical Outcome to CTLA-4 Blockade.

CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade is clinically effective in a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma. We identify a subcluster of MAGE-A cancer-germline antigens, located within a narrow 75 kb region of chromosome Xq28, that predicts resistance uniquely to blockade of CTLA-4, but not PD-1. We validate this gene expression signature in an independent anti-CTLA-4-treated cohort and show its specificity to the CTLA-4 pathway with two independent anti-PD-1-treated cohorts.

Genome-wide tracking of dCas9-methyltransferase footprints.

In normal mammalian development cytosine methylation is essential and is directed to specific regions of the genome. Despite notable advances through mapping its genome-wide distribution, studying the direct contribution of DNA methylation to gene and genome regulation has been limited by the lack of tools for its precise manipulation. Thus, combining the targeting capability of the CRISPR-Cas9 system with an epigenetic modifier has attracted interest in the scientific community.

Exciting H Molecules for Graphene Functionalization.

Hydrogen functionalization of graphene by exposure to vibrationally excited H molecules is investigated by combined scanning tunneling microscopy, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, and density functional theory calculations. The measurements reveal that vibrationally excited H molecules dissociatively adsorb on graphene on Ir(111) resulting in nanopatterned hydrogen functionalization structures. Calculations demonstrate that the presence of the Ir surface below the graphene lowers the H dissociative adsorption barrier and allows for the adsorption reaction at energies well below the dissociation threshold of the H-H bond.

Prolonged Mek1/2 suppression impairs the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells.

Concomitant activation of the Wnt pathway and suppression of Mapk signalling by two small molecule inhibitors (2i) in the presence of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (hereafter termed 2i/L) induces a naive state in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that resembles the inner cell mass (ICM) of the pre-implantation embryo. Since the ICM exists only transiently in vivo, it remains unclear how sustained propagation of naive ES cells in vitro affects their stability and functionality. Here we show that prolonged culture of male mouse ES cells in 2i/L results in irreversible epigenetic and genomic changes that impair their developmental potential.

From Permeation to Cluster Arrays: Graphene on Ir(111) Exposed to Carbon Vapor.

Our scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments along with first-principles calculations uncover the rich phenomenology and enable a coherent understanding of carbon vapor interaction with graphene on Ir(111). At high temperatures, carbon vapor not only permeates to the metal surface but also densifies the graphene cover. Thereby, in addition to underlayer graphene growth, upon cool down also severe wrinkling of the densified graphene cover is observed.

Symmetry-Driven Band Gap Engineering in Hydrogen Functionalized Graphene.

Band gap engineering in hydrogen functionalized graphene is demonstrated by changing the symmetry of the functionalization structures. Small differences in hydrogen adsorbate binding energies on graphene on Ir(111) allow tailoring of highly periodic functionalization structures favoring one distinct region of the moiré supercell. Scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that a highly periodic hydrogen functionalized graphene sheet can thus be prepared by controlling the sample temperature (T) during hydrogen functionalization.

Interface controlled oxidation states in layered cobalt oxide nanoislands on gold.

Layered cobalt oxides have been shown to be highly active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER; half of the catalytic "water splitting" reaction), particularly when promoted with gold. However, the surface chemistry of cobalt oxides and in particular the nature of the synergistic effect of gold contact are only understood on a rudimentary level, which at present prevents further exploration. We have synthesized a model system of flat, layered cobalt oxide nanoislands supported on a single crystal gold (111) substrate.

Serum leptin in Egyptian patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: relation to disease severity.

Aim: Recently, a large body of studies has focused on the leptin levels in psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to measure serum leptin levels in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) due to a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disorder and to determine the relationship between leptin and FMS.

Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Egyptian diabetic patients: a preliminary study.

Background And Study Aims: There is controversy regarding whether a specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype is associated with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate HCV genotype distribution in diabetics and its relation to some clinical and laboratory variables in HCV-positive diabetic versus non-diabetic Egyptians in East Delta.

Patients And Methods: The study included 100 HCV-positive patients of which 66 were diabetic in addition to 35 healthy adults as a control group.

Oxygen intercalation under graphene on Ir(111): energetics, kinetics, and the role of graphene edges.

Using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) we resolve the temperature-, time-, and flake size-dependent intercalation phases of oxygen underneath graphene on Ir(111) formed upon exposure to molecular oxygen. Through the applied pressure of molecular oxygen the atomic oxygen created on the bare Ir terraces is driven underneath graphene flakes. The importance of substrate steps and of the unbinding of graphene flake edges from the substrate for the intercalation is identified.