Different Effects of Obesity and Fasting on the Expression of Type 3 Deiodinase and Thyroid Hormone Receptors in the Liver and Visceral Adipose Tissue of C57BL/6 Male Mice.

Introduction: Energy status can alter thyroid hormone signalling in different tissues. Little is known about the effect of fasting on the local thyroid hormone metabolism under high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We aimed to investigate the fasting effect on deiodinase type 3 (DIO3) and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) expression in liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of HFD-induced obese mice.

Ex vivo Anti-Senescence Activity of N-Acetylcysteine in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Volunteers.

Introduction: Excessive visceral adiposity is known to drive the onset of metabolic derangements, mostly involving oxidative stress, prolonged inflammation, and cellular senescence. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a synthetic form of l-cysteine with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescence properties. This ex-vivo study aimed to determine the effect of NAC on some markers of senescence including β-galactosidase activity and p16, p53, p21, IL-6, and TNF-α gene expressions in visceral adipose tissue in obese adults.

The interplay between obesity, immunosenescence, and insulin resistance.

Obesity, which is the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, has adverse impacts on human health. Obesity-related metabolic dysregulation has similarities to the metabolic alterations observed in aging. It has been shown that the adipocytes of obese individuals undergo cellular aging, known as senescence.

Alterations of DNA methylation and expression of genes related to thyroid hormone metabolism in colon epithelium of obese patients.

Background: Colorectal cancer is common among obese individuals. The purpose of the current study was to determine changes in DNA methylation status and mRNA expression of thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB), as a tumor suppressor, and thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme, type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) genes, in human epithelial colon tissues of healthy obese individuals.

Methods: Colon biopsies were analyzed by methylation sensitive-high resolution melting (MS-HRM) to investigate promoter methylation of DIO3 and THRB, and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to assay expression of DIO3 and THRB mRNA on eighteen obese and twenty-one normal-weight healthy men.

The Effects of Ovalbumin on Proliferation, Migration, and Stemness Properties of Chemoresistant SW480 Colon Cancer Cells.

Egg peptides are factors in the embryonic environment with many significant biological activities, such as anticancer activity. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of egg ovalbumin (OVA) on survival, cell cycle, self-renewal ability, stemness properties, and migration in SW480 colon cancer cells and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) resistant subgroup. MTT test was performed to assess cell viability.

Selective thyroid hormone receptor beta agonist, GC-1, is capable to reduce growth of colorectal tumor in syngeneic mouse models.

Objective: The effect of thyroid hormone (TH) on cancers was proposed more than 100 years ago; however, conclusions are conflicting. THs are precisely regulated at tissue and cellular levels. It seems that this regulation is altered in cancers.

Colorectal cancer causes alteration of thyroid hormone profile in newly diagnosed patients.

Objectives: Subcellular alteration of thyroid hormones (THs) signaling is proposed in many types of cancers. Some studies show deiodinase type 3, as an oncofetal protein, re-expresses in some cancer types. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the product of this enzyme, reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) in serum of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Correlation of Low Levels of -1 Antitrypsin and Elevation of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with Higher Mortality in Severe COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Variations in COVID-19 prevalence, severity, and mortality rate remain ambiguous. Genetic or individual differences in immune response may be an explanation. Moreover, hyperinflammation and dysregulated immune response are involved in the etiology of severe forms of COVID-19.

Grape seed extract supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese or overweight adult individuals: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Grape seed extract (GSE) is a flavonoid-rich supplement, recently discussed as a potential moderator of inflammation and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GSE supplementation along with a restricted-calorie diet (RCD), on changes in blood lipid profile, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). We designed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Inhibitory effect of chrysin on estrogen biosynthesis by suppression of enzyme aromatase (CYP19): A systematic review.

The cytochrome P450 enzyme functions as the rate-limiting enzyme in changing androgens to estrogens. Inhibition of aromatase is one of the significant objectives of treatment of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer, especially in post-menopausal women. Natural compounds like chrysin, as a flavor that has a high concentration in honey and propolis, are rich sources of them can be useful in inhibiting aromatase for chemoprevention following treatment or in women at risk of acquiring breast cancer.

Zinc supplementation improves body weight management, inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in individuals with obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Background: The present study was designed to determine whether zinc supplementation would increase the effects of restricted calorie diet (RCD) on obesity.

Methods And Materials: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed on 40 obese subjects who were randomly assigned to receive zinc supplements (30 mg/day) or placebo for a period of 15-weeks. Both groups were under a restricted calorie diet (~ 300 kcal lower than the estimated energy requirement).

The prevalence of food addiction and its associations with plasma oxytocin level and anthropometric and dietary measurements in Iranian women with obesity.

Obesity is a prevalent public health problem, and food addiction (FA) is one of the most controversial factors in its management. Therefore, this study was designed to validate an FA questionnaire for Iranian women with obesity and to determine the prevalence of FA and its associations with plasma oxytocin (OT) levels as well as anthropometric and dietary measurements. In this descriptive-analytical study, 450 adult women with obesity were included.

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Stemness in a Subpopulation of 5FU Treated SW480 Cells: Evidence for Metabolic Plasticity in Colon Cancer.

Background: Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as a ketone body is the metabolic fuel in oxidative phosphorylation pathway. So far the effects of BHB on the biology of tumor cells is contradictory. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BHB on viability, metabolism, proliferation and migration of 5FU treated SW480 colon cancer cell line.

Obesity-induced p53 activation in insulin-dependent and independent tissues is inhibited by beta-adrenergic agonist in diet-induced obese rats.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assay the role of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in the regulation of obesity-induced p53 in high fat feeding obese rats.

Main Methods: The role of beta-adrenergic receptor/cyclic AMP in the regulation of p53 and its downstream mediators was evaluated by western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR among diet induced rats.

Key Findings: Beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, and an adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, at a single dose significantly reduced insulin resistance consistent with a decrease in total and phospho-p53 levels in insulin and non-insulin metabolic target tissues.

PTEN over-expression by resveratrol in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells along with suppression of AKT/PKB and ERK1/2 in genotoxic stress.

The bioactive components of dietary phytochemicals are in the spotlight of research institutes, due to their significant antioxidant activities and health-promoting properties. Resveratrol is a polyphenol which is found abundantly in grapes and berries and has long been known as a chemo-preventive agent. The main purpose of this study was to provide a new mechanistic insight into the growth inhibition of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by resveratrol along with a DNA damage agent.

PI3K/AKT and Mdm2 activation are associated with inhibitory effect of cAMP increasing agents on DNA damage-induced cell death in human pre-B NALM-6 cells.

DNA damage response (DDR) consists of both proapoptotic and prosurvival signaling branches. Superiority of each signaling branch determines the outcome of DNA damage: death or allowing the repair. The present authors have previously shown that an increased intracellular level of cAMP disrupts p53-mediated apoptosis in human pre-B NALM-6 cells and inhibition of NF-κB prevents prosurvival effect of cAMP during DNA damage.