[Management of opioid-induced constipation : the old and the new].

The use of opioids has increased over the past 20 years. Among their side effects, constipation is probably the most common. Managing opioid-induced constipation primarily involves laxatives from the onset and addressing any additional causes of constipation.

Diffusion tensor imaging changes of the cortico-thalamic-striatal tracts correlate with fatigue and disability in people with relapsing-remitting MS.

Purpose: To investigate how the microstructural neural integrity of cortico-thalamic-striatal (CTS) tracts correlate with fatigue and disability over time. The primary outcome was diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics change over time, and the secondary outcome was correlations with fatigue and disability in people with RRMS (pw-RRMS).

Methods: 76 clinically stable pw-RRMS and 43 matched healthy controls (HCs).

Determination of hepatic extraction fraction with gadoxetate low-temporal resolution DCE-MRI-based deconvolution analysis: validation with ALBI score and Child-Pugh class.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of gadoxetate low-temporal resolution (LTR) DCE-MRI for voxel-based hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) quantification for liver sparing radiotherapy using a deconvolution analysis (DA) method.

Methods: The accuracy and consistency of the deconvolution implementation in estimating liver function was first assessed using simulation data. Then, the method was applied to DCE-MRI data collected retrospectively from 64 patients (25 normal liver function and 39 cirrhotic patients) to generate HEF maps.

Neural diffusion tensor imaging metrics correlate with clinical measures in people with relapsing-remitting MS.

Background And Purpose: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect microstructural changes of white matter in multiple sclerosis (MS) and might clarify mechanisms responsible for disability. Thus, we aimed to compare DTI metrics in relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS) with healthy controls (HCs), and explore the correlations between DTI metrics, total brain white matter (TBWM) and white matter lesion (WML) with clinical parameters compared to volumetric measures.

Material And Methods: 37 RRMS patients and 19 age/sex-matched HCs were included.

Disadvantage of the FDM method for printing protective masks against COVID-19 and solution.

Outages in the supply of basic medical supplies and protective equipment have led to efforts to replace them. The team of BUT employees and students has developed a protective half mask that can also be printed on a standard 3D printer without the use of special materials. The original half mask is intended as an improvised protection that can be easily printed on standard 3D printers with FDM technology.

Assessing the impact of magnetic resonance treatment simulation (MRSIM) on target volume delineation and dose to organs at risk for oropharyngeal radiotherapy.

Introduction: Assessing the use of a radiation therapy (RT) planning MRI performed in the treatment position (pMRI) on target volume delineation and effect on organ at risk dose for oropharyngeal cancer patients planned with diagnostic MRI (dMRI) and CT scan.

Methods: Diagnostic MRI scans were acquired for 26 patients in a neutral patient position using a 3T scanner (dMRI). Subsequent pMRI scans were acquired on the same scanner with a flat couch top and the patient in their immobilisation mask.

Automated Design and Integration of Asset Administration Shells in Components of Industry 4.0.

One of the central concepts in the principles of Industry 4.0 relates to the methodology for designing and implementing the digital shell of the manufacturing process components. This concept, the Asset Administration Shell (AAS), embodies a systematically formed, standardized data envelope of a concrete component within Industry 4.

Altered in vivo brain GABA and glutamate levels are associated with multiple sclerosis central fatigue.

Purpose: Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with unknown pathophysiology. Dysfunction of the GABAergic/glutamatergic pathways involving inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters such as  γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamine + glutamate pool (Glx) have been implicated in several neurological disorders. This study is aimed to evaluate the potential role of GABA and Glx in the origin of central fatigue in relapse remitting MS (RRMS) patients.

Biochemical Correlations with Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Detected by MR 2D Localized Correlated Spectroscopy.

Background And Purpose: Fatigue is the common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its pathophysiological mechanism is poorly understood. We investigated the metabolic changes in fatigue in a group of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients using MR two-dimensional localized correlated spectroscopy (2D L-COSY).

Methods: Sixteen RRMS and 16 healthy controls were included in the study.

A prospective, multi-centre trial of multi-parametric MRI as a biomarker in anal carcinoma.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the role of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) as a biomarker for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC).

Materials And Methods: From January 2013 to January 2017, 25 patients with non-metastatic SCCAC were enrolled in a multi-centre prospective clinical trial, of whom 20 completed protocol treatment. MP-MRIs, incorporating diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) sequences, were performed before (baseline), during the second and fourth weeks of chemo-radiotherapy (CRT), and 8 weeks following treatment completion.

2D L-COSY spectroscopy identifies neurometabolite alterations in treated multiple sclerosis.

Background: We have applied two-dimensional (2D) localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L-COSY), in treated relapsing relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to identify novel biomarkers in normal-appearing brain parenchyma.

Methods: 2D L-COSY magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectra were prospectively acquired from the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in 45 stable RRMS patients undergoing treatment with Fingolimod, and 40 age and sex-matched healthy control (HC) participants. Average metabolite ratios and clinical symptoms including, disability, cognition, fatigue, and mental health parameters were measured, and compared using parametric and nonparametric tests.

Assessment and predictors of fatigue in men with prostate cancer receiving radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy.

Introduction: Fatigue is a commonly reported symptom in men receiving radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. Despite this, the complex mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate factors which correlate with development of fatigue.

A Modified Reach-to-Grasp Task in a Supine Position Shows Coordination Between Elbow and Hand Movements After Stroke.

A modified reach-to-grasp task has been developed for the purpose of investigating arm-hand coordination in a supine position in the functional magnetic resonance imaging environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the kinematics of the reach-to-grasp task, in stroke and healthy participants. Observational cohort study.

New Approaches to Implementing the SmartJacket into Industry 4.0 .

The paper discusses the possibilities of incorporating sensors and indicators into the environment of an Industry 4.0 digital factory. The concept of Industry 4.

Evaluation of MS related central fatigue using MR neuroimaging methods: Scoping review.

Background: Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Over the past decade, a growing body of research has focussed on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying central (cognitive and physical) fatigue in MS. The precise mechanisms causing fatigue in MS patients are complex and poorly understood, and may differ between patients.

Diurnal variability of cerebral metabolites in healthy human brain with 2D localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L-COSY).

Background: Two-dimensional localized correlation spectroscopy (2D L-COSY) is a research tool that has been applied to evaluate in vivo metabolic activity in many neurological and oncological disorders. Circadian mediators such as brain temperature, hydration, and osmotic regulation have been claimed to change metabolic profiles.

Purpose: To evaluate the diurnal variability of neuro-metabolites with 2D L-COSY in healthy subjects using a 3 T scanner.

Diurnal stability and long-term repeatability of neurometabolites using single voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the diurnal stability and long-term repeatability and reliability of one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in vitro and in vivo at 3 T.

Material And Method: A standard brain phantom was used for in vitro study. In vivo diurnal evaluation involved ten healthy subjects, while repeatability study involved six subjects.

Reliability of neurometabolite detection with two-dimensional localized correlation spectroscopy at 3T.

Background: Two-dimensional localized correlational spectroscopy (2D L-COSY) has been applied in vivo to investigate metabolic profiles in many disorders due to its ability to detect several metabolites simultaneously. Successful application of this technique depends on the reliability of the detection and understanding of the variability result from test-retest measurements.

Purpose: To evaluate the test-retest repeatability/reliability of 2D L-COSY in detecting brain metabolites in a phantom and healthy subjects in a 3T scanner.

Audiovisual biofeedback guided breath-hold improves lung tumor position reproducibility and volume consistency.

Purpose: Respiratory variation can increase the variability of tumor position and volume, accounting for larger treatment margins and longer treatment times. Audiovisual biofeedback as a breath-hold technique could be used to improve the reproducibility of lung tumor positions at inhalation and exhalation for the radiation therapy of mobile lung tumors. This study aimed to assess the impact of audiovisual biofeedback breath-hold (AVBH) on interfraction lung tumor position reproducibility and volume consistency for respiratory-gated lung cancer radiation therapy.

Regression and statistical shape model based substitute CT generation for MRI alone external beam radiation therapy from standard clinical MRI sequences.

In MR only radiation therapy planning, generation of the tissue specific HU map directly from the MRI would eliminate the need of CT image acquisition and may improve radiation therapy planning. The aim of this work is to generate and validate substitute CT (sCT) scans generated from standard T2 weighted MR pelvic scans in prostate radiation therapy dose planning. A Siemens Skyra 3T MRI scanner with laser bridge, flat couch and pelvic coil mounts was used to scan 39 patients scheduled for external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer.

Spinal multiparametric MRI and DEXA changes over time in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy: a potential imaging biomarker of treatment toxicity.

Objectives: To explore changes in bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA and MRS fat fraction (FF), Dixon FF, and ADC in lower spinal vertebral bodies in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods: Twenty-eight men were enrolled onto a clinical trial. All received ADT.

Efficacy and safety of multiple doses of QGE031 (ligelizumab) versus omalizumab and placebo in inhibiting allergen-induced early asthmatic responses.

Background: Omalizumab is an established anti-IgE therapy for the treatment of allergic diseases that prevents IgE from binding to its receptor. QGE031 is an investigational anti-IgE antibody that binds IgE with higher affinity than omalizumab.

Objective: This study compared the effects of QGE031 with those of omalizumab on clinical efficacy, IgE levels, and FcεRI expression in a clinical model of allergic asthma.

Audiovisual Biofeedback Improves Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measured Lung Tumor Motion Consistency.

Purpose: To assess the impact of an audiovisual (AV) biofeedback on intra- and interfraction tumor motion for lung cancer patients.

Methods And Materials: Lung tumor motion was investigated in 9 lung cancer patients who underwent a breathing training session with AV biofeedback before 2 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions. The breathing training session was performed to allow patients to become familiar with AV biofeedback, which uses a guiding wave customized for each patient according to a reference breathing pattern.