Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions.

The magnitude and pace of global climate change demand ambitious and effective implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Nature-based solutions present an efficient approach to achieving mitigation, adaptation and resilience goals. Yet few nations have quantified the diverse benefits of nature-based solutions to evaluate and select ecosystem targets for their NDCs.

Belize Blue Carbon: Establishing a national carbon stock estimate for mangrove ecosystems.

Mangrove ecosystems are among the most economically and ecologically valuable marine environments in the world. Mangroves are effective at long-term carbon storage within their sediments and are estimated to hold 12 billion metric tons of carbon worldwide. These ecosystems are therefore vitally important for carbon sequestration and, by extension, climate change mitigation.

Screening approaches for identifying fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: A systematic review.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and associated with a range of cognitive, affective, and health concerns. Although the identification of FASD can facilitate the provision of interventions and support, and plays a protective role against adverse outcomes, there are high rates of missed detection. The identification of FASD via screening may improve its recognition across settings.

Examining a novel, parent child interaction therapy-informed, behavioral treatment of selective mutism.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new therapy for children with selective mutism (SM) that combines Parent-Child Interaction Therapy principles and behavioral techniques.

Method: Children aged 4-10 with a primary diagnosis of SM were eligible to participate. Comorbidity was allowed with the exception of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, mania or psychosis.

Cumulative risk, cumulative outcome: a 20-year longitudinal study.

Cumulative risk (CR) models provide some of the most robust findings in the developmental literature, predicting numerous and varied outcomes. Typically, however, these outcomes are predicted one at a time, across different samples, using concurrent designs, longitudinal designs of short duration, or retrospective designs. We predicted that a single CR index, applied within a single sample, would prospectively predict diverse outcomes, i.

Comparison of child-parent and parent-only cognitive-behavioral therapy programs for anxious children aged 5 to 7 years: short- and long-term outcomes.

Objective: Childhood anxiety disorders (AD) are prevalent, debilitating disorders. The most effective treatment approach for children less than 8 years old requires further investigation. The study's primary objective was to compare 2 cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) group programs.

Identification of benzofuran central cores for the inhibition of leukotriene A(4) hydrolase.

Leukotrienes (LT's) are known to play a physiological role in inflammatory immune response. Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) is a cystolic enzyme that stereospecifically catalyzes the transformation of LTA(4) to LTB(4). LTB(4) is a known pro-inflammatory mediator.

Azabenzthiazole inhibitors of leukotriene A₄ hydrolase.

Previously, benzthiazole containing LTA(4)H inhibitors were discovered that were potent (1-3), but were associated with the potential for a hERG liability. Utilizing medicinal chemistry first principles (e.g.

Evaluating a cognitive behavioral therapy group program for anxious five to seven year old children: a pilot study.

Background: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has demonstrated benefits for anxious school-aged children and adolescents; however, treatment programs have not been developed to teach CBT strategies to children under the age of eight. This pilot study examined a novel treatment program for children aged 5-7 years with anxiety disorders.

Methods: Thirty-two children (19 females) aged 5-7 years (mean age=6.

Cognition in anxious children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a comparison with clinical and normal children.

Background: Cognition in children with anxiety disorders (ANX) and comorbid Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) has received little attention, potentially impacting clinical and academic interventions in this highly disabled group. This study examined several cognitive features relative to children with either pure condition and to normal controls.

Methods: One hundred and eight children ages 8-12 and parents were diagnosed by semi-structured parent interview and teacher report as having: ANX (any anxiety disorder except OCD or PTSD; n = 52), ADHD (n = 21), or ANX + ADHD (n = 35).

Early language impairment and young adult delinquent and aggressive behavior.

Clinic and forensic studies have reported high rates of language impairments in conduct disordered and incarcerated youth. In community samples followed to early adolescence, speech and language impairments have been linked to attention deficits and internalizing problems, rather than conduct problems, delinquency, or aggression. This study examines the young adult antisocial outcomes of speech or language impaired children.

Young adult academic outcomes in a longitudinal sample of early identified language impaired and control children.

Background: The long-term academic consequences of childhood language impairment are both theoretically and clinically important. An unbiased appraisal of these outcomes, however, requires carefully designed, longitudinal research.

Method: A group of children first identified as having speech and/or language impairment in a community-based, longitudinal study at 5 years of age and matched controls were re-examined during young adulthood (age 19).