Ecological Systems Affecting Urban Childbearing Puerto Rican Women in the City of Philadelphia.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore socio-ecological influences affecting the daily lives of urban, pregnant Puerto Rican women and factors negatively influencing their health seeking behaviors related to prenatal care.

Methods: Qualitative, descriptive methods were used including individual interviews and focus groups to obtain maximum understanding of the women's lives. The interviews and focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide based on various components of the study's conceptual framework.

Absent Ureteral Efflux after Hysterectomy Leads to Diagnosis of Ureteral Atresia with Renal Atrophy.

Iatrogenic injury to the urinary system is a known complication of gynecologic surgery; therefore, intraoperative cystoscopy is frequently performed to assess for such injuries. However, if an abnormality is seen, the differential diagnosis extends beyond iatrogenic causes. A 42-year-old patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and had absent efflux from the right ureteral orifice on cystoscopy.