Impact of short-term exposure of antifungal agents on hemolysin activity of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates from Kuwait and Sri Lanka.

Objective: Ability to produce hemolysin by Candida species is an important determinant of its pathogenicity. Candida dubliniensis is implicated in the causation of oral candidosis, which can be treated with polyene, echinocandin, and azole groups of antifungal agents as well as chlorhexidine. After oral application, however, the concentrations of these agents tend to decrease quickly to subtherapeutic levels due to the peculiarity of the oral environment.

Extracellular phospholipase production of oral Candida albicans isolates from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics, denture wearers and healthy individuals following brief exposure to polyene, echinocandin and azole antimycotics.

Objective: Candida albicans is the primary causative agent of oral candidosis, and one of its key virulent attributes is considered to be its ability to produce extracellular phospholipases that facilitate cellular invasion. Oral candidosis can be treated with polyenes, and azoles, and the more recently introduced echinocandins. However, once administered, the intraoral concentration of these drugs tend to be sub-therapeutic and rather transient due to factors such as the diluent effect of saliva and cleansing effect of the oral musculature.

In vitro Impact of Limited Exposure to Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Adhesion-Associated Attributes of Oral Candida Species.

Objective: Candida albicans and its non-albicans counterparts, such as C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C.

Caspofungin-induced in-vitro post-antifungal effect and its impact on adhesion related traits of oral Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans isolates.

Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and denture acrylic surfaces (DAS), germ tube (GT) formation and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are all virulence traits involved in the pathogenicity of Candida. Post-antifungal effect (PAFE) also have a bearing on pathogenicity and virulence of Candida. Candida dubliniensis is associated with oral and systemic candidosis, which can be managed with caspofungin.

Impact of brief exposure to antifungal agents on the post-antifungal effect and hemolysin activity of oral Candida albicans.

Post-antifungal effect (PAFE) of Candida and its production of hemolysin are determinants of candidal pathogenicity. Candida albicans is the foremost aetiological agent of oral candidosis, which can be treated with polyene, azole, and echinocandin antifungals. However, once administered, the intraoral concentrations of these drugs tend to be subtherapeutic and transient due to the diluent effect of saliva and cleansing effect of the oral musculature.

In vitro postantifungal effect, adhesion traits and haemolysin production of Candida dubliniensis isolates following exposure to 5-fluorocytosine.

The phenomenon of postantifungal effect (PAFE), which is the suppression of candidal growth following brief exposure to antifungal agents, is linked with candidal pathogenicity. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), germ tube (GT) formation and relative cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are all adhesion traits of candidal pathogenicity. Ability to produce haemolysin by Candida species is also a determinant of its pathogenicity.

In vitro adhesion of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates to acrylic denture surfaces following brief exposure to sub-cidal concentrations of polyenes, azoles and chlorhexidine.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of brief exposure to sub-cidal concentrations of nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and chlorhexidine gluconate on the adhesion of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates to the surface of acrylic dentures.

Methods: After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of each drug, 20 oral isolates of C. dubliniensis were exposed to sub-cidal concentrations of the drugs for 1 h.

Impact of brief and sequential exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole in modulating adhesion traits of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates.

Aim: Candida adherence is implicated in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis. Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC), germ tube (GT) formation, and relative cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are colonization attributes of candidal pathogenicity. Candida dubliniensis (C.

HIV/AIDS: dental assistants' self-reported knowledge and attitudes in Kuwait.

Although several studies have been conducted to assess dentists' knowledge of and attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), few have targeted dental assistants. The main aims of this study were to assess the knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among dental assistants in Kuwait and to compare the knowledge and attitudes of dental assistants at Kuwait University Dental Center (KUDC) with those of dental assistants in Ministry of Health (MoH) hospitals. The secondary objective was to determine if any intervention was needed to provide more information to dental assistants on HIV/AIDS.

Assessing Oral Cancer Knowledge Among Undergraduate Dental Students in Kuwait University.

Lack of general dental practitioner oral cancer knowledge has been shown to be a major factor to delays in referral and treatment. Dentists' competence and confidence in detecting oral cancer may be strongly influenced by their dental school training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess dental student's awareness and knowledge of prevention and early detection of oral cancer.

Post-antifungal effect and adhesion to buccal epithelial cells of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates subsequent to limited exposure to amphotericin B, ketoconazole and fluconazole.

Aim: The post-antifungal effect (PAFE) of Candida and its adherence to oral mucosal surfaces are important determinants of candidal pathogenicity. Candida dubliniensis is allied with recurrent oral candidosis. Oral candidosis can be treated with amphotericin B, ketoconazole and fluconazole.

Impact of brief and sequential exposure to nystatin on the germ tube formation and cell surface hydrophobicity of oral Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of brief and sequential exposure to nystatin on the germ tube formation and cell surface hydrophobicity of oral isolates of Candida albicans obtained from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Materials And Methods: After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of nystatin, 10 oral isolates of C. albicans from 10 different HIV-infected patients were briefly (1 h) and sequentially (10 days) exposed to subtherapeutic concentrations of nystatin.

The postantifungal effect and phospholipase production of oral Candida albicans from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics, denture wearers and healthy individuals following brief exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate.

Candida albicans is the major aetiological agent of oral candidosis and one of its important virulent factors is the production of extracellular phospholipases, which can be modulated by subtherapeutic concentrations of antifungal agents thus decreasing their pathogenicity. Hence, considering that chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) is a common antimicrobial mouthwash used in dentistry and that its concentration in the mouth reaches subtherapeutic levels during dosage intervals due to the diluent effect of saliva and cleansing effect of the oral musculature, the postantifungal effect (PAFE) and the phospholipase production of oral C. albicans following brief exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of CG was studied.

The postantifungal effect of nystatin and its impact on adhesion attributes of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates.

The postantifungal effect (PAFE) has an impact on candidal pathogenicity. However, there is no information on either the PAFE or its impact on adhesion traits of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates. Oral candidosis can be treated topically with nystatin.

Changes in germ tube formation and cell-surface hydrophobicity of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates following brief exposure to sub-cidal concentrations of polyene and azole antifungal agents.

Adherence of Candida has been implicated as the initial process in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis. Candidal germ tubes and its relative cell-surface hydrophobicity (CSH) are contributory attributes. Candida dubliniensis is currently documented as an opportunistic pathogen allied with recurrent oral candidosis.

Changes in the cell surface hydrophobicity of oral Candida albicans from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics, and healthy individuals following limited exposure to chlorhexidine gluconate.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the cell surface hydrophobicity of 40 oral Candida albicans isolates obtained from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics using steroid inhalers, and healthy individuals, following brief exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate.

Materials And Methods: Forty C. albicans oral isolates (10 isolates each from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics using steroid inhalers, and healthy individuals) were exposed to 3 subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate (0.

Cell surface hydrophobicity of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates following limited exposure to sub-therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate.

Candidal adhesion has been implicated as the initial step in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) has been implicated in adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with recurrent oral candidiasis. Chlorhexidine gluconate is by far the commonest antiseptic mouth wash prescribed in dentistry.

Effects of subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on germ tube formation of oral Candida.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on germ tube formation of Candida albicans isolates obtained from smokers, diabetics, asthmatics using steroid inhalers and healthy individuals.

Materials And Methods: Forty isolates of C. albicans were used in this study.

Knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS of dental students from Kuwait and Sri Lanka.

Several studies regarding knowledge and attitudes of dental students towards HIV/AIDS have been reported from various countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, an international comparison between countries with diverse cultural and educational backgrounds has not been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS of dental students of Kuwait University (KU), Kuwait and the University of Peradeniya (UP), Sri Lanka, the only dental schools in the respective countries.

Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis among oral Candida isolates in patients attending the Kuwait University Dental Clinic.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the oral candidal carriage of patients seeking dental treatment at the Kuwait University Dental Clinic and to ascertain the Candida species composition among them.

Methods: 370 oral rinse samples were collected from patients. The germ tube test, CHROMagar Candida medium and VITEK 2 yeast identification system were used for species identification.

A comparison of the antifungal activity of herbal toothpastes against other brands of toothpastes on clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis.

Objectives: To evaluate the anti-Candida activity on Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis species of 2 herbal and 7 other brands of toothpastes commonly used in Kuwait.

Materials And Methods: Antifungal activity was determined by agar diffusion test on 65 isolates of C. albicans and 21 isolates of C.

The effect of brief exposure to sub-therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on germ tube formation of oral Candida dubliniensis.

Adherence of Candida has been implicated as the first step in the pathogenesis of oral candidosis, and germ tube formation, a contributory attribute. While chlorhexidine gluconate is by far the most common antiseptic mouthwash prescribed in dentistry, its intraoral concentration fluctuates considerably because of the dynamics of the oral cavity. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to three different sub-therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on germ tube formation of Candida dubliniensis.

Oral candidosis in HIV-infected patients.

Oral candidosis (syn. Oral candidiasis; OC), is a collective term given to a group of oral mucosal disorders caused by the fugal pathogen belonging to the genus Candida. The association of OC with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been known since the advent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic.

Laboratory diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

Invasive candidiasis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical diagnosis is complicated by a lack of specific clinical signs and symptoms of disease. Laboratory diagnosis is also complex because circulating antibodies to Candida species may occur in normal individuals as the result of commensal colonization of mucosal surfaces thereby reducing the usefulness of antibody detection for the diagnosis of this disease.

Cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy and oral candidiasis.

The increased incidence of oral candidiasis in patients with malignancies stems partly from the systemic disease itself and, partly from the therapeutic measures such as cytotoxic and other immunosuppressive drugs and radiotherapy they receive during management of such malignancies. In this review we discuss the clinical and laboratory findings on the relationship between cytotoxics, radiotherapy and oral candidiasis, possible mechanisms of pathogenicity following such therapy, as well as precautions that could be taken to minimize such recalcitrant yeast infections.