The anomalous temperature dependent low energy electron diffraction intensity at epitaxial SrIrOthin film surfaces.

We report on the temperature dependent low energy electron diffraction (LEED) studies of 12 nm epitaxial SrIrO(001) thin films. The Debye temperature has been extracted from the temperature-dependence of LEED intensity at elevated temperatures and different electron kinetic energies. For the most surface sensitive LEED, obtained at the lowest electron kinetic energies, the extracted surface Debye temperature is 270 ± 22 K, which is much lower than the 488 ± 40 K Debye temperature obtained using higher electron kinetic energies.

The surface termination of a Fe (III) spin crossover molecular salt.

From a comparison of the known molecular stoichiometry and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, it is evident that the Fe(III) spin crossover salt [Fe(qsal)Ni(dmit)] has a preferential surface termination with the Ni(dmit)moiety, where qsal = N(8quinolyl)salicylaldimine, and dmit= 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato. This preferential surface termination leads to a significant surface to bulk core level shift for the Ni 2p x-ray photoemission core level, not seen in the corresponding Fe 2p core level spectra. A similar surface to bulk core level shift is seen in Pd 3d in the related [Fe(qsal)]Pd(dmit).

Dual RNA-seq reveals transcriptome changes during Fusarium virguliforme-Trichoderma afroharzianum interactions.

Trichoderma spp. are among the most studied biocontrol agents. While extensive work has been done to understand Trichoderma antagonistic mechanisms, additional research is needed to fully understand how Trichoderma spp.

Chiral effects at the metal center in Fe(III) spin crossover coordination salts.

Evidence of chirality was observed at the Fe metal center in Fe(III) spin crossover coordination salts [Fe(qsal)][Ni(dmit)] and [Fe(qsal)](TCNQ)from x-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy at the Fe 2pcore threshold. Based on the circularly polarized XAS data, the x-ray natural circular dichroism for [Fe(qsal)][Ni(dmit)] and [Fe(qsal)](TCNQ)is far stronger than seen for [Fe(qsal)]Cl suggesting this natural circular dichroism signature is a ligand effect rather than a result of just a loss of octahedral symmetry on the Fe core. The larger the chiral effects in the Fe 2p core to bound XAS, the greater the perturbation of the Fe 2pto 2pspin-orbit splitting seen in the XAS spectra.

Evidence of Cooperative Effects for the Fe(phen)(NCS) Spin Crossover Molecular Complex in Polyaniline Plus Iron Magnetite.

The spin crossover complex Fe(phen)(NCS) and its composite, Fe(phen)(NCS), combined with the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) plus varying concentrations of iron magnetite (FeO) nanoparticles were studied. A cooperative effect is evident from the hysteresis width in the plot of magnetic susceptibility multiplied by temperature versus temperature (χmT versus T) for Fe(phen)(NCS) with PANI plus varying concentrations of FeO nanoparticles. The hysteresis width in the composites vary no more than 2 K with respect to the pristine Fe(phen)(NCS) spin crossover crystallites despite the fact that there exists a high degree of miscibility of the Fe(phen)(NCS) spin crossover complex with the PANI.

An interpretation for the components of 2core level x-ray photoelectron spectra of the cations in some inverse spinel oxides.

In an effort to reconcile the various interpretations for the cation components of the 2observed in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of several spinel oxide materials, the XPS spectra of both spinel alloy nanoparticles and crystalline thin films are compared. We observed that different components of the 2core level XPS spectra, of these inverse spinel thin films, are distinctly surface and bulk weighted, indicating surface-to-bulk core level shifts in the binding energies. Surface-to-bulk core level shifts in binding energies of Ni and Fe 2core levels of NiFeOthin film are observed in angle-resolved XPS.

A panel of qPCR assays to detect and quantify soybean soil-borne pathogens.

Fusarium oxysporum,F. graminearum,F. acuminatum,F.

Fluopyram activates systemic resistance in soybean.

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) ( Ichinohe) is a significant yield-limiting factor in soybean production in the Midwestern US. Several management practices are implemented to mitigate yield losses caused by SCN, including using SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) fungicides delivered as seed treatments. A set of studies was conducted to evaluate the effect of two seed-applied succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) compounds, fluopyram and pydiflumetofen, on SCN population densities, plant injury, and plant growth.

Reduction of Pythium Damping-Off in Soybean by Biocontrol Seed Treatment.

spp. is one of the major groups of pathogens that cause seedling diseases on soybean, leading to both preemergence and postemergence damping-off and root rot. More than 100 species have been identified within this genus, with , , var , and being particularly important for soybean production given their aggressiveness, prevalence, and abundance in production fields.

Microbial Communities Associated With Long-Term Tillage and Fertility Treatments in a Corn-Soybean Cropping System.

Tillage and fertilization are common practices used to enhance soil fertility and increase yield. Changes in soil edaphic properties associated with different tillage and fertility regimes have been widely examined, yet, the microbially mediated pathways and ecological niches involved in enhancing soil fertility are poorly understood. The effects of long-term conventional tillage and no-till in parallel with three fertility treatments (No fertilization, N-only, and NPK) on soil microbial communities were investigated in a long-term field study that was established in the 1970's.

Isolates Inhibit Growth, Reduce Root Rot, and Induce Defense-Related Genes on Soybean Seedlings.

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by is among the most important diseases affecting soybean in the United States. The use of biological control agents (BCAs) such as spp. can be a valuable resource to suppress populations.

Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking among HIV infected people using antiretroviral therapy.

Introduction: Tobacco smoking, common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the proportion of current smokers, as well as assess the factors associated with tobacco smoking and drinking alcohol, among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic in Kathmandu, Nepal between September and December 2014.