Comparative analysis of soil organic matter fractions, lability, stability ratios, and carbon management index in various land use types within bharatpur catchment, Chitwan District, Nepal.

Background: Land use and land cover changes have a significant impact on the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions, as well as on overall soil health. This study conducted in Bharatpur Catchment, Chitwan District, Nepal, aimed to assess and quantify variations in total soil organic matter (T), labile organic matter fraction (C), stable organic matter fraction (C), stability ratio (SR), and carbon management index (CMI) across seven land use types: pastureland, forestland, fruit orchards, small-scale conventional agricultural land, large-scale conventional agricultural land, large-scale alternative fallow and conventional agricultural land, and organic farming agricultural land. The study also explored the potential use of the Carbon Management Index (CMI) and stability ratio (SR) as indicators of soil degradation or improvement in response to land use changes.

Impact of active vision therapy compared to conventional patching therapy on visual acuity and stereoacuity in children with amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare improvements in visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity between active vision therapy (AVT) and conventional patching therapy in children with amblyopia.

Methods: This study included 65 children aged 5 to 16 years (mean age±SD, 11.00±3.

Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Prediabetes Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a specific microvascular ocular complication associated with diabetes. However, retinopathy has also been reported in people with prediabetes. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among patients with prediabetes attending the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a tertiary eye care centre.

Clinico-epidemiological Study of Patients with Glaucoma in a Tertiary Eye Center, Nepal.

Introduction: Major cause of irreversible blindness is glaucoma which is increasing as a significant global health problem. Knowledge of glaucoma burden and its clinical characteristics in this region is essential.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital -based study conducted at Glaucoma unit in CHEERS Hospital, Bhaktapur from August 2015 to July 2019.

Burden and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Diabetic Patients Attending a Multispecialty Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal.

Introduction: As the number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing because of urbanization and change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, the number of diabetic retinopathy is also expected to increase in future. [1] [sa2] We aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in the tertiary eye hospital.

Materials And Methods: This is the observational cross-sectional study enrolling 420 diabetic patients visiting the multispecialty tertiary eye hospital between March 2020 and February 2021.

Use of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection among Patients Undergoing Surgical Retinal Interventions at Tertiary Eye Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection has now become a routine procedure for retina specialists throughout the world. Easy availability of this monoclonal antibody molecule even in Nepal has brought a revolution in the management of various retinal diseases. This study aims to find out the prevalence of the use of intravitreal Bevacizumab for retinal diseases at the tertiary eye hospital.

Clinical variations and therapeutic challenges in the management of symptomatic retinal artery macroaneurysm: a tertiary center experience.

Purpose: To find out clinical characteristics, therapeutic options, and visual outcome in symptomatic retinal artery macroaneurysm (RAMA) patients.

Method: Newly diagnosed cases of symptomatic RAMA from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with mean age 62.

Effect of different levels of gibberellic acid and kinetin on quality and self-life of banana (.) fruits.

Artificial fruit ripening agents have become increasingly popular in recent years. During the off-seasons, various ripening agents are used for the ripening of banana fruits. The effects of various ripening agents of banana fruits (variety: Malbhog) were studied.

Vitreous Hemorrhage following High-Altitude Retinopathy.

Purpose: To report a case of high-altitude retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage.

Methods: An apparently healthy 29-year-old boy presented with a history of floater and slight diminution of vision in the left eye after climbing the mountain 4760 meters high.

Results: The visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye.

Treatment Strategies in Acute Post-operative Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal: A 5-year Retrospective Review.

Introduction: Despite best possible preventive measures, acute postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) is still the most devastating, sight-threatening complication after intraocular surgery and the most feared complication by treating surgeons.

Materials And Methods: It is a retrospective study of 22 eyes diagnosed as acute POE following cataract surgery in the last 5 years (2015-2019), aimed to evaluate the treatment strategies used in its management. Main outcome measures evaluated were rates of repeat intravitreal injection, adjunctive therapeutic regimens, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and visual outcome.

Strengthening retina eye care services in Nepal: retina eye care of Nepal project.

Background: Retinal diseases are very difficult to treat. So, early diagnoses and preventions are very important. But, few eye doctors can treat patients with retinal diseases in Nepal.

Tick infestation masquerading as a nodule in the eye lid.

Introduction: Ticks are ectoparasites which can lead to various blood borne diseases. Tick bite may resemble pigmented nevi, mole or nodule resulting a diagnostic dilemma. Tick bite in eye lid is rare and this case report describes tick bite in lower eye lid mimicking a traumatized pigmented nodule where the tick was identified only on magnification and was successfully removed mechanically.

A Unique Experience of Retinal Diseases Screening in Nepal.

Background: Recently, the number of retinal patients is increasing in Nepal. The retinal problems are the second common cause of blindness in Nepal. Retinal diseases are challenging to manage due to the lack of simple and cost-effective screening methods, limited human resources, poverty, and lack of awareness in Nepal.

Baseline Predictive Factors of Visual Outcome and Persistence of Subretinal Fluid Based on Morphologic Changes in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Idiopathic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Background: To determine the influence of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes on visual outcome and persistence of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective study done in 48 eyes of 45 patients diagnosed as CSCR, all eyes were subjected to fundus photography, spectral domain OCT, and fluorescein angiography (FA) in selected cases.

Results: Retinal pigment epithelium detachment was present in 22.

Demand, End-Uses, and Conservation of Alpine Medicinal Plant (Pennell) D. Y. Hong in Central Himalaya.

(Pennell) D. Y. Hong of Scrophulariaceae family (hereinafter referred to as ) has medicinally important rhizomes with high levels of trade.

Retrospective data on causes of childhood vision impairment in Eritrea.

Background: Proper information on causes of childhood vision loss is essential in developing appropriate strategies and programs to address such causes. This study aimed at identifying the causes of vision loss in children attending the national referral eye hospital with the only pediatric ophthalmology service in Eritrea.

Methods: A retrospective data review was conducted for all the children (< 16 years of age) who attended Berhan Aiyni National Referral Eye Hospital in five years period from January 2011 to December 2015.

Is laser photocoagulation still effective in diabetic macular edema? Assessment with optical coherence tomography in Nepal.

Aim: To find out the outcome of laser photocoagulation in clinically significant macular edema (CSME) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) METHODS: It was a prospective, non-controlled, case series study enrolling 81 eyes of 64 patients with CSME between August 2008 and January 2010. All patients received modified grid photocoagulation with frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser. Each patient was evaluated in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and regression or progression of maculopathy after laser therapy at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Inferior conjunctival autografting for pterygium surgery: an alternative way of preserving the glaucoma filtration site in far western Nepal.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival autografting for primary pterygium.

Methods: This was a prospective noncomparative interventional case series study enrolling 50 eyes of 50 patients with primary pterygium between November 1, 2010 and October 30, 2011. All patients underwent the standard surgical technique for pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival autografting.

Consequences among protest survivors of 2006 in Nepal.

This study is based on the secondary data gathered from various health institutions, human right organizations, a political party and news agencies in Nepal. The Centre for Victims of Torture (CVICT) has its own primary data of traumatized victims from the mobile medical rescue team and from observing for human rights violations. There have been gross human rights abuses.

Bacterial chaperone protein, Skp, induces leukocyte chemotaxis via C5a receptor.

C5a receptor has been identified as a leukocyte chemotactic receptor to two intrinsic chemical mediators, C5a and the S19 ribosomal protein dimer, so far. We found an Escherichia coli protein that also induced the chemotactic responses of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes via the C5a receptor. We identified the E.

Switch moiety in agonist/antagonist dual effect of S19 ribosomal protein dimer on leukocyte chemotactic C5a receptor.

The cross-linked homodimer of S19 ribosomal protein (RP S19) induces monocyte predominant infiltration due to a dual effect on the C5a receptor in leukocyte chemotaxis, agonistic to monocytes and antagonistic to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (H. Nishiura, Y. Shibuya, T.

The vulpius procedure for correction of equinus deformity in patients with hemiplegia.

Spasm or contracture of gastrocnemius causes an equinus deformity of the ankle in both cerebral palsy and hemiplegia. Its release is therefore required in the treatment of those patients who do not respond to conservative measures. The Vulpius procedure is a simple and effective method for the release of gastrocnemius and is particularly indicated when long periods of immobilisation of the foot and ankle are not desirable.