The Impact of Name Transformation on Match Rates Within a Large Consumer Database.

Accurate record linkage depends on the availability and quality of features such as first name and last name. Privacy preserving record linkage methods using tokenization is sensitive to perturbations in the patient features used as inputs. In this study we evaluated the impact of name transformations on the accuracy of patient matching using a large commercial dataset.

Proportional Feedback Control of Energy Intake During Obesity Pharmacotherapy.

Objective: Obesity pharmacotherapies result in an exponential time course for energy intake whereby large early decreases dissipate over time. This pattern of declining drug efficacy to decrease energy intake results in a weight loss plateau within approximately 1 year. This study aimed to elucidate the physiology underlying the exponential decay of drug effects on energy intake.

How Strongly Does Appetite Counter Weight Loss? Quantification of the Feedback Control of Human Energy Intake.

Objective: To quantify the feedback control of energy intake in response to long-term covert manipulation of energy balance in free-living humans.

Methods: A validated mathematical method was used to calculate energy intake changes during a 52-week placebo-controlled trial in 153 patients treated with canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitor that increases urinary glucose excretion, thereby resulting in weight loss without patients being directly aware of the energy deficit. The relationship between the body weight time course and the calculated energy intake changes was analyzed using principles from engineering control theory.

Energy Balance After Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition.

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause substantially less weight loss than expected from the energy excreted via glycosuria. Our aim was to analyze this phenomenon quantitatively.

Research Design And Methods: Eighty-six patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.

Validation of an inexpensive and accurate mathematical method to measure long-term changes in free-living energy intake.

Background: Accurate measurement of free-living energy intake (EI) over long periods is imperative for understanding obesity and its treatment. Unfortunately, traditional methods rely on self-report and are notoriously inaccurate. Although EI can be indirectly estimated by the intake-balance method, this technique is prohibitively labor-intensive and expensive, requiring repeated measures of energy expenditure via doubly labeled water (DLW) along with multiple dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure changes in body energy stores.

Quantifying energy intake changes during obesity pharmacotherapy.

Objective: Despite the fact that most obesity drugs primarily work by reducing metabolizable energy intake, elucidation of the time course of energy intake changes during long-term obesity pharmacotherapy has been prevented by the limitations of self-report methods of measuring energy intake.

Methods: A validated mathematical model of human metabolism was used to provide the first quantification of metabolizable energy intake changes during long-term obesity pharmacotherapy using body weight data from randomized, placebo-controlled trials that evaluated 14 different drugs or drug combinations.

Results: Changes in metabolizable energy intake during obesity pharmacotherapy were reasonably well-described by an exponential pattern comprising three simple parameters, with early large changes in metabolizable energy intake followed by a slow transition to a smaller persistent drug effect.