An early precursor CD8 T cell that adapts to acute or chronic viral infection.

This study examines the origin and differentiation of stem-like CD8+ T cells that are essential for sustained T cell immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer and also play a key role in PD-1 directed immunotherapy. These PD-1+ TCF-1+ TOX+ stem-like CD8+ T cells, also referred to as precursors of exhausted T cells, have a distinct program that allows them to adapt to chronic antigen stimulation. Using the mouse model of chronic LCMV infection we found that virus specific stem-like CD8+ T cells are generated early (day 5) during chronic infection suggesting that this crucial fate commitment occurs irrespective of infection outcome.

Macrowire for Intracranial Thrombectomy: A Video Description.

Mechanical thrombectomy has become the cornerstone to achieve reperfusion in large vessel occlusion causing acute ischemic stroke. Since the advent of intracranial thrombectomy, the procedural setup has been to deliver aspiration catheter over microwire and microcatheter to the intracranial occlusion (ADAPT) or to deliver the stent-retriever through the microcatheter (SOLUMBRA) to perform thrombectomy. In both these techniques the quintessential aspect is crossing the clot/thrombus, which increases the chances of clot fragmentation or disruption.

Association of Breast Cancer Subtypes and Clinicopathological Factors with Axillary Lymph Node Positivity Amongst Women with Breast Cancer in Rajasthan: An Observational Analytical Study.

Prognostic factors by definition, are capable of providing information on clinical outcomes at the time of diagnosis, independent of therapy. The number of positive lymph nodes (number of ipsilateral axillary nodes with metastatic tumour deposits) is a strong and independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. In a meta-analysis (, 2017) of over 62,000 patients, the risk of distant recurrence over years 5 to 20 for those with T1 tumours was 13% in the absence of lymph node involvement, 20% among those with one to three involved lymph nodes, and 34% among those with four to nine involved nodes.

Engineered deletions of HIV replicate conditionally to reduce disease in nonhuman primates.

Antiviral therapies with reduced frequencies of administration and high barriers to resistance remain a major goal. For HIV, theories have proposed that viral-deletion variants, which conditionally replicate with a basic reproductive ratio [R] > 1 (termed "therapeutic interfering particles" or "TIPs"), could parasitize wild-type virus to constitute single-administration, escape-resistant antiviral therapies. We report the engineering of a TIP that, in rhesus macaques, reduces viremia of a highly pathogenic model of HIV by >3log following a single intravenous injection.

Yoga Nidra for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition that affects a substantial proportion of the world's population. Medications are commonly prescribed for hypertension management, but non-pharmacological interventions like yoga are gaining popularity.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of Yoga Nidra (YN) for the management of hypertension.

Submental Artery Island Flaps (SAIF) for Oral Cavity Cancer: Surgical Technique and Tertiary Care Experience.

In oral cancer surgeries, oncological outcomes take precious driverseat. But the copassengers like reconstruction, cosmesis, swallowing and speech outcomes deserve equivalent importance. Submental Artery Island Flaps (SAIF) provide an underutilized and extremely versatile option for reconstruction of defects following early stage oral cavity tumour resections.

A study to assess the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and the risk of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top three causes of mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency in COPD has been associated with poor lung function and decreased muscle power, which further increases the risk of exacerbations. The role of vitamin D in preventing acute exacerbations of COPD has conflicting results in the literature.

The impact of radio-chemotherapy on tumour cells interaction with optimal control and sensitivity analysis.

Oncologists and applied mathematicians are interested in understanding the dynamics of cancer-immune interactions, mainly due to the unpredictable nature of tumour cell proliferation. In this regard, mathematical modelling offers a promising approach to comprehend this potentially harmful aspect of cancer biology. This paper presents a novel dynamical model that incorporates the interactions between tumour cells, healthy tissue cells, and immune-stimulated cells when subjected to simultaneous chemotherapy and radiotherapy for treatment.

CdSe Quantum Dots Bedecked on ZnO/TiO/CuO Ternary Nanocomposite for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Applications.

Herein, we synthesized a CdSe quantum dots (QDs)-decorated ternary metal oxide nanocomposite of ZnO/TiO/CuO through a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared nanocomposite exhibited monoclinic, hexagonal, and cubic phase structures in XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis. UV-vis absorbance spectra showed the broad absorption spectrum.

Predictors of Poor Outcome in Patients with COVID-19 associated Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is majorly known to cause mild to moderate disease, but a small fraction of patients may develop respiratory failure due to diffuse lung injury, requiring management in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study attempts to identify factors that can predict unfavorable outcomes in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Hospital records of 120 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were retrospectively analyzed and data pertaining to demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained.

Dermatomyositis Masquerading As Generalized Body Swelling: A Case Report.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the skin and muscles. The hallmark skin manifestation is a violaceous rash on the face, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, which is often accompanied by edema and can be exacerbated by exposure to sunlight. Generalized limb edema and dysphagia are rare presentations of dermatomyositis.

Association of Vitamin D Status With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with metabolic syndrome and its related outcomes, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. However, studies in Indian populations have provided conflicting results. Methods This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in north India to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with metabolic syndrome and to study the correlations of individual components of metabolic syndrome with 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels.

Predictors of Mortality Among Post-COVID-19 Discharged Patients in Northern India: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction The post-discharge all-cause mortality of COVID-19 disease is known, but predictors for the same have not been studied as much. The objective of this study was to develop an understanding of predictors of mortality to guide in prioritizing patient care and preventive approaches. Methods This current research is a single-center unmatched case-control study conducted at a tertiary care center in northern India, between April and September 2022.

Synthesis of MoS/Mg(OH)/BiVO hybrid photocatalyst by ultrasonic homogenization assisted hydrothermal methods and its application as sunlight active photocatalyst for water decontamination.

In this work, MoS/Mg(OH)/BiVO ternary hybrid photocatalyst was synthesized by sonicated precursor mixture to the hydrothermal procedure to generate a highly efficient solar light-induced and simply recyclable photocatalyst. The obtained hybrid was confirmed by the characteristic peaks of MoS/Mg(OH)/BiVO observed in X-ray diffraction (14.31°/18.

Tracheal bronchus: a rare cause of recurrent pneumonia in adults.

Tracheal bronchus, also known as , is a rare congenital anomaly of the airway where an accessory bronchus originates directly from the trachea. With an estimated incidence of 0.001%-2.

Clinical Profile, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Outcome of Cavitating Fungal Pneumonia Coinfection in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: An end to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic appears to be a distant dream. To make matters worse, there has been an alarming upsurge in the incidence of cavitating invasive fungal pneumonia associated with COVID-19, reported from various parts of the world including India. Therefore, it remains important to identify the clinical profile, risk factors, and outcome of this group of patients.

Hydrocarbon pneumonitis with abscess formation following diesel siphoning.

A man in his early 40s presented with a 1-month history of fever after accidental diesel aspiration. He had received treatment with intravenous antibiotics, steroids and supportive care. Contrast-enhanced CT of the thorax revealed a right middle lobe lung abscess and bronchoscopy revealed hyperaemia around the middle lobe bronchus.

Disrupting autorepression circuitry generates "open-loop lethality" to yield escape-resistant antiviral agents.

Across biological scales, gene-regulatory networks employ autorepression (negative feedback) to maintain homeostasis and minimize failure from aberrant expression. Here, we present a proof of concept that disrupting transcriptional negative feedback dysregulates viral gene expression to therapeutically inhibit replication and confers a high evolutionary barrier to resistance. We find that nucleic-acid decoys mimicking cis-regulatory sites act as "feedback disruptors," break homeostasis, and increase viral transcription factors to cytotoxic levels (termed "open-loop lethality").

The clinical course, biochemical markers, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients from the third wave in Pakistan: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Third wave of COVID-19 has affected several countries. Case fatality rates from first and second waves are expected to be surpassed by the current wave due to various variant transmissions. This study was aimed to compare and contrast the significant clinical markers between survivors and non-survivors during the third wave of COVID-19 to assess severity and prognosis.

The role of sodium dodecyl sulfate mediated hydrothermal synthesis of MoS nanosheets for photocatalytic dye degradation and dye-sensitized solar cell application.

The novel properties and exciting behavior of two-dimensional nanosheet-based materials have piqued the interest of research all over the world. In this study, bulk molybdenum disulfide (bulk MoS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-mediated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS-SDS NS) were synthesized via a facile sonication and hydrothermal process. The findings from the characterization revealed that the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant reduces the crystal phase and changes the structural morphology of bulk MoS.

Identification of a therapeutic interfering particle-A single-dose SARS-CoV-2 antiviral intervention with a high barrier to resistance.

Viral-deletion mutants that conditionally replicate and inhibit the wild-type virus (i.e., defective interfering particles, DIPs) have long been proposed as single-administration interventions with high genetic barriers to resistance.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality during the first epidemic wave in Madurai, south India: a prospective, active surveillance study.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has spread substantially within India over multiple waves of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, the risk factors and disease burden associated with COVID-19 in India remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess predictors of infection and mortality within an active surveillance study, and to probe the completeness of case and mortality surveillance.