Precision Cellulose from Living Cationic Polymerization of Glucose 1,2,4-Orthopivalates.

Cellulose serves as a sustainable biomaterial for a wide range of applications in biotechnology and materials science. While chemical and enzymatic glycan assembly methods have been developed to access modest quantities of synthetic cellulose for structure-property studies, chemical polymerization strategies for scalable and well-controlled syntheses of cellulose remain underdeveloped. Here, we report the synthesis of precision cellulose via living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of glucose 1,2,4-orthopivalates.

Regulation and state capacity.

While one might expect states with low capacity to regulate less than states with high capacity, this is not supported by evidence, leaving open the possibility of rent-seeking. I use the example of the regulation of witchcraft in parts of Africa to informally model the conditions under which states with low capacity still come to promulgate a range of regulations even in the absence of rent-seeking interests. The model suggests that regulation can be a substitute for basic state functions like policing.

Assessment of bimetallic Zn/Fe nanoparticles stabilized Tween-80 and rhamnolipid foams for the remediation of diesel contaminated clay soil.

Diesel contamination of soil due to oil spills, disposal of refinery waste, oil exploration constitutes a major environmental problem. This paper reports the remediation of diesel contaminated clay soil using Zn/Fe bimetallic nanoparticle stabilized Rhamnolipid (RMLP) and Tween-80 (TW-80) surfactant foams. Fe, and Zn (x wt%)/Fe (x = 0.

Base-Mediated One-pot Synthesis of Oxygen-Based Heterocycles from 2-Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted -Quinone Methides.

One-pot synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocycles has been achieved through alkylation/acylation of 2-hydroxyphenyl-substituted -quinone methides followed by an intramolecular 1,6-conjugate addition/cyclization and oxidation sequence. This protocol provides access to a wide range of oxygen-based heterocycles, such as 2,3-disubstituted benzo[]furans, 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and diaryl-substituted coumarin derivatives in moderate to good yields.

Room-Temperature Columnar Liquid Crystals as Efficient Pure Deep-Blue Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with an External Quantum Efficiency of 4.0.

A novel design of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active columnar (Col) luminomesogens is reported, and they are demonstrated to act as highly efficient deep-blue emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All derivatives exhibit Col liquid crystalline (LC) behavior at room temperature over a wide temperature range and desirable alignment properties, which is very important in using them as materials for organic electronic devices. These new AIE active luminomesogens were found to act as highly efficient emitters in OLEDs and unveiled a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.