Pro-renin Receptor (PRR) as a Target to Reduce Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Post Liver Transplantation.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of chronic liver disorders following liver transplantation. The prorenin receptor (PRR) plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, and the hepatic dysregulation of PRR is associated with the upregulation of several molecular pathways, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) that promotes hepatic lipogenesis and leads to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by upregulation of lipogenic genes. PRR inhibition leads to a reduction in the hepatic expression of sortilin-1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels and down-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and reduces fatty acids synthesis in hepatocytes.

Characterizing graphene oxide waste stream and assessing its impact on anaerobic co-digestion with municipal sludge.

This study evaluated anaerobic co-digestion as a promising strategy for managing organic-contaminated waste streams generated from nanomaterial synthesis. The novel approach enabled precise quantification of organic content, efficient biomethane recovery, and a sustainable redirection of ethanol-contaminated graphene oxide (GO) dispersions. The proposed method achieved high accuracy (93-97%) in detecting organic content in ethanol-contaminated GO dispersions, significantly outperforming the conventional total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) method, which only reached 75-77% accuracy.

Chemistry, applications, and future prospects of structured liquids.

Structured liquids are emerging functional soft materials that combine liquid flowability with solid-like structural stability and spatial organization. Here, we delve into the chemistry and underlying principles of structured liquids, ranging from nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) to supramolecular assemblies and interfacial jamming. We then highlight recent advancements related to the design of intricate all-liquid 3D structures and examine their reconfigurability.

The effect of high-intensity interval training on type 2 diabetic muscle: A metabolomics-based study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on muscle metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using metabolomics approaches.

Methods: 20 male Wistar rats at the age of 8 weeks-were assigned to four groups of five, each in the group randomly: control (CTL), type 2 diabetes (DB), HIIT (EX), and type 2 diabetes + HIIT (DBX). T2D was induced by two months of a high-fat diet plus a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg).

3D-Printed Interfacially Jammed Emulsion Aerogels.

3D printing ultralightweight porous structures using direct ink writing (DIW) while maintaining their mechanical robustness is highly challenging. This difficulty is amplified when low ink concentrations are used to create complex geometries. Herein, this shortfall was addressed by interfacially jammed emulsion gels.

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Following Trauma and Hypoxia Increases the Risk of Post-Surgical Adhesion: Potential for Therapeutic Interventions.

Post-surgical adhesion is a medical challenge, especially following abdominal and pelvic surgeries. This refers to the formation of fibrotic scars that form from connective tissue in the gynecological tract or abdominal cavity. Dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) by surgical injuries and hypoxia increases the risk of post-surgical adhesion through different molecular mechanisms.

The Role of Local Angiotensin II/Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor in Endometriosis: A Potential Target for New Treatment Approaches.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder described by the presence of functional endometrial-like tissues at extra-uterine locations that are related to chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Multiple molecular mechanisms, including inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, fibrotic reactions, and angiogenesis, are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis; however, the exact cause of this disorder still remains a matter of discussion. Recently, it has been shown that the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been expressed in different tissues, like the gynecological tract, and alterations in its expression are associated with multiple pathological conditions like endometriosis.

The Association between Serum Follistatin-like Proteins and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Follistatin-like proteins (FSTLs) are adipomyokines secreted by adipocytes and myocytes. Previous studies have reported an increase in circulating FSTL1 levels in response to cardiovascular injuries. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the association between circulating FSTLs and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs).

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Persian version of the overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-V8).

Background And Objectives: Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by urinary frequency and is recognized as a disorder. Various tools are available for diagnosing this condition. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the 8-item Overactive Bladder Scale (OAB-V8).

Lysyl Oxidase-like 2 Dysregulation Increases the Risk of Post-Operative Fibrotic Scars Formation in the Female Reproductive Tract: A Novel Therapeutic Target to Reduce Fibrogenesis.

The formation of fibrotic bands in female reproductive system, including the uterus, after abdominal and pelvic surgeries, is an important medical challenge associated with many complications, including infertility and pain. Investigating the role of different molecules involved in fibrosis and adhesion formation may help in the development of new drugs to prevent this disorder. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LoxL2) is a copper-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to stabilize ECM.

The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Connexin43 as a New Approach to Reducing Post-surgical Adhesion.

Post-surgical peritoneal adhesions are a serious problem causing complications, such as bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. There are currently no effective ways of preventing post-surgical adhesions. Excess secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic molecules by immune cells and adherent fibroblasts are the main mechanism that promotes post-operative fibrotic scars.

Liquid-templated graphene aerogel electromagnetic traps.

For decades, the inherently reflective nature of metallic electromagnetic (EM) shields and their induced secondary EM pollution have posed significant challenges for sensitive electronics. While numerous efforts have been made to develop superior EM shielding systems, the issue of reflection dominancy in metallic substrates remains unresolved. Herein, we addressed this long-lasting obstacle by pairing metallic shields with ultra-lightweight (density of 3.

Structural Design for EMI Shielding: From Underlying Mechanisms to Common Pitfalls.

Modern human civilization deeply relies on the rapid advancement of cutting-edge electronic systems that have revolutionized communication, education, aviation, and entertainment. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by digital systems poses a significant threat to the society, potentially leading to a future crisis. While numerous efforts are made to develop nanotechnological shielding systems to mitigate the detrimental effects of EMI, there is limited focus on creating absorption-dominant shielding solutions.

The Role of Local Angiotensin II/Angiotensin Type 1-receptor Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction to Promote Pancreatic Cancer.

Obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction are important risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers globally. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is expressed in many tissues, including adipose tissue.

Elucidating the Role of Pro-renin Receptors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Cancer Therapy.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The 5- year survival in these patients is very low, and most patients develop drug resistance to current therapies, so additional studies are needed to identify the potential role of new drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Recent investigations have been performed regarding the roles of pro-renin receptors (PRR) in the initiation and development of cancers.

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of Sentinel Lymph Node in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been proven as a safe and efficient procedure in some cancers like breast cancer and melanoma with a reduction of complications and side effects of unnecessary lymphadenectomy in many patients. However, the diagnostic value of SLNB in gastric cancer is a point of debate. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of SLNB using radiotracer and isosulphan blue dye injection in patients with Gastric Adenocarcinomas (GA).

Functional Janus structured liquids and aerogels.

Janus structures have unique properties due to their distinct functionalities on opposing faces, but have yet to be realized with flowing liquids. We demonstrate such Janus liquids with a customizable distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) throughout their structures by joining two aqueous streams of NP dispersions in an apolar liquid. Using this anisotropic integration platform, different magnetic, conductive, or non-responsive NPs can be spatially confined to opposite sides of the original interface using magnetic graphene oxide (mGO)/GO, TiCT/GO, or GO suspensions.

Targeting Lysyl Oxidase as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reducing Fibrotic Scars Post-operatively: Its Biological Role in Post-Surgical Scar Development.

Abdominal and pelvic surgery, or any surgical injury of the peritoneum, often leads to chronic abdominal adhesions that may lead to bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. Current therapeutic strategies are usually ineffective, and the pathological mechanisms of the disease are unclear. Excess collagen cross-linking is a key mediator for extra-cellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis.

Review of the Role of Metabolic Factors in Determining the Post-surgical Adhesion and its Therapeutic Implications, with a Focus on Extracellular Matrix and Oxidative Stress.

The potential role of metabolic reprogramming in fibrogenesis has recently attracted interest. Extracellular matrix stiffness, inflammation, and subsequent oxidative stress are essential mediators in the causation of fibrosis. The prevention of post-surgical adhesion is a challenge in medicine.

Review the Role of Metabolism Reprogramming in the Pathogenesis of Post-surgical Adhesion: A New Therapeutic Strategy.

Metabolic reprogramming is defined as the skill of cells to change their metabolism to support the induced energy demand due to continuous growth. Metabolic reprogramming is a well- known occurrence in the progression of neoplastic cells, although, evidence has shown that it is present in fibrotic disorders. Post-surgical adhesion as a fibrotic disorder is a medical challenge and is defined by fibrotic bands connected between organs with the abdominal wall.

Nanomaterial-amended anaerobic sludge digestion: Effect of pH as a game changer.

Using nanomaterials as supplements in batch-fed anaerobic digestion (AD) has led to conflicting results in the literature, warranting the need for a standardized approach. Here, we investigate the role of pH in AD by performing batch biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays utilizing municipal sludge under two conditions: optimal initial pH (≈ 7.5) and elevated initial pH (≈ 9).

Surfactant-Mediated Highly Conductive Cellulosic Inks for High-Resolution 3D Printing of Robust and Structured Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Aerogels.

Technological fusion of emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing of aerogels with gel processing enables the fabrication of lightweight and functional materials for diverse applications. However, 3D-printed constructs via direct ink writing for fabricating electrically conductive structured biobased aerogels suffer several limitations, including poor electrical conductivity, inferior mechanical strength, and low printing resolution. This work addresses these limitations via molecular engineering of conductive hydrogels.