Salivary Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are Viable Predictors of Early Changes in Systemic Health.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the metabolites identified in both the oral cavity and the gut. They play an important role in the triggering, development and progression of systemic diseases. SCFAs can alter the gut microbial components, intestinal epithelium and host immune system, and are also associated with cancer incidence.

Salivary metabolomics in patients with oral lichen planus: a preliminary study based on NMR spectroscopy.

Objectives: The present preliminary study aimed to investigate the salivary metabolic profile in patients with asymptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Material And Methods: Stimulated whole mouth saliva (SWMS) samples were collected from 15 reticular OLP female patients and 15 from age- and sex-matched controls (HCs). A total of 23 metabolites were identified and quantified.

Microstructural changes in the irradiated and osteoradionecrotic bone: a SEM study.

Radiation exposure is a major health concern due to bone involvement including mandible, causing deleterious effects on bone metabolism, and healing with an increasing risk of infection and osteoradionecrosis. This study aims to investigate the radiotherapy-induced microstructural changes in the human mandible by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mandibular cortical bone biopsies were obtained from control, irradiated, and patients with osteoradionecrosis (ORN).

Oral Sources of Salivary Metabolites.

The oral cavity is very diverse, wherein saliva plays an important role in maintaining oral health. The metabolism of saliva has been used to investigate oral diseases as well as general diseases, mainly to detect diagnostic biomarkers. There are many sources of salivary metabolites in the mouth.

Effect of smoking on MUC1 expression in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral cancer, and irradiated oral epithelium.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the MUC1 expression in the oral epithelium of normal, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and irradiated oral epithelium (IROE) and its association with smoking habits in non-smokers and smokers.

Design: Oral mucosal biopsies from controls, OED, OSCC, and IROE groups were obtained and categorized based on the smoking history as non-smokers, smoker I (25 pack-years), and smoker II (>25 pack-years). Immunohistochemical staining of MUC1 using human milk fat globule 1 (HMFG 1) antibody was performed, and the MUC1 score was calculated.

Irradiation Induced Biochemical Changes in Human Mandibular Bone: A Raman Spectroscopic Study.

Understanding the biochemical changes in irradiated human mandible after radiotherapy of cancer patients is critical for oral rehabilitation. The underlying mechanism for radiation-associated changes in the bone at the molecular level could lead to implant failure and osteoradionecrosis. The study aimed to assess the chemical composition and bone quality in irradiated human mandibular bone using Raman spectroscopy.

Osteocyte Apoptosis, Bone Marrow Adiposity, and Fibrosis in the Irradiated Human Mandible.

Purpose: To assess the effect of radiation therapy on osteocyte apoptosis, osteocyte death, and bone marrow adipocytes in the human mandible and its contribution to the pathophysiology of radiation damage to the mandibular bone.

Methods And Materials: Mandibular cancellous bone biopsies were taken from irradiated patients and nonirradiated controls. Immunohistochemical detection of cleaved caspase-3 was performed to visualize apoptotic osteocytes.

Irradiation affects the structural, cellular and molecular components of jawbones.

Purpose: Emerging evidence shows that changes in the bone and its microenvironment following radiotherapy are associated with either an inhibition or a state of low bone formation. Ionizing radiation is damaging to the jawbone as it increases the complication rate due to the development of hypovascular, hypocellular, and hypoxic tissue. This review summarizes and correlates the current knowledge on the effects of irradiation on the bone with an emphasis on jawbone, as these have been a less extensively studied area.

Low-Dose Doxycycline Treatment Normalizes Levels of Some Salivary Metabolites Associated with Oral Microbiota in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Saliva is a complex oral fluid, and plays a major role in oral health. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), as an autoimmune disease that typically causes hyposalivation. In the present study, salivary metabolites were studied from stimulated saliva samples ( = 15) of female patients with pSS in a group treated with low-dose doxycycline (LDD), saliva samples ( = 10) of non-treated female patients with pSS, and saliva samples ( = 14) of healthy age-matched females as controls.

Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities.

Saliva is a useful biological fluid and a valuable source of biological information. Saliva contains many of the same components that can be found in blood or serum, but the components of interest tend to be at a lower concentration in saliva, and their analysis demands more sensitive techniques. Metabolomics is starting to emerge as a viable method for assessing the salivary metabolites which are generated by the biochemical processes in elucidating the pathways underlying different oral and systemic diseases.

Effects of irradiation in the mandibular bone loaded with dental implants. An experimental study with a canine model.

Radiation therapy may compromise the quality of bone around dental implants, and its ability to regenerate, remodel, and revascularize. This study aimed to describe the irradiation effect on the bone microstructure of the mandible using dental implants in a canine model. Five beagle dogs were exposed to 40 Gy fractionated radiation.

Variability of salivary metabolite levels in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate inter- and intra-individual variation in the levels and outputs (concentration multiplied by salivary flow rate) of salivary metabolites in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods: A total of 56 samples of stimulated saliva were collected from 14 female pSS patients during four laboratory visits within 20 weeks and analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Single saliva samples from each of 15 controls were also analyzed.

Metabolome of canine and human saliva: a non-targeted metabolomics study.

Introduction: Saliva metabolites are suggested to reflect the health status of an individual in humans. The same could be true with the dog (Canis lupus familiaris), an important animal model of human disease, but its saliva metabolome is unknown. As a non-invasive sample, canine saliva could offer a new alternative material for research to reveal molecular mechanisms of different (patho)physiological stages, and for veterinary medicine to monitor dogs' health trajectories.

Regulation of mucin 1 expression and its relationship with oral diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the polymorphic mucin 1 (MUC1), and to provide an overview of the known complex and multiple functions of MUC1 in normal oral mucosa and oral mucosal lesions in compromised situations as well as exploring the challenges associated with the heterogeneous nature of MUC1. We will review the current knowledge and provide insights into the future management possibilities of using MUC1 as a therapeutic agent.

Methods: A literature search of the electronic databases included MEDLINE (1966 -December 2019) and hand searches of cross-references were undertaken using terms related to mucins, MUC1.

Bioimpedance spectroscopy and spectral camera techniques in detection of oral mucosal diseases: a narrative review of the state-of-the-art.

Oral mucosal diseases are common health problems that reduce overall wellbeing and increase the risk for several systemic diseases. Due to the limitations of present diagnostics, new non-invasive methods are needed for reliable, affordable, real-time screening and follow-up of oral mucosal lesions. Bioimpedance spectroscopy, spectral camera imaging and other optical methods are promising novel techniques to detect abnormal changes in oral mucosa.

Localization of transmembrane mucin MUC1 on the apical surface of oral mucosal cells.

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the localization of transmembrane mucin MUC1 on the outer layer of oral mucosal cells and the involvement of apical cell surface microplicae (MPL) in bioadhesion of MUC1. Tissue samples of six healthy subjects were obtained. First, the presence of MUC1 was examined with an immunohistochemical method using a monoclonal MUC1 antigen called HFMG1.

Biochemical Changes in Irradiated Oral Mucosa: A FTIR Spectroscopic Study.

Radiation exposure during the course of treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients can induce both structural and biochemical anomalies. The present study is focused on utilizing infrared imaging for the identification of the minor biochemical alterations in the oral mucosa. Chemical maps generated using glycoprotein band indicates its differential distribution along the superficial layer.

Potential role of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify salivary metabolite alterations in patients with head and neck cancer.

The analysis of the salivary metabolomic profile may offer an early phase approach to assess the changes associated with a wide range of diseases including head and neck cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for detecting the salivary metabolic changes associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Unstimulated whole-mouth saliva samples collected from HNSCC patients (primary tumour was located either in the larynx or in the oral cavity) and healthy controls were analysed by H-NMR spectroscopy.

Concentric Ring Probe for Bioimpedance Spectroscopic Measurements: Design and Ex Vivo Feasibility Testing on Pork Oral Tissues.

Many oral diseases, such as oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia, which have a high potential for malignant transformations, cause abnormal structural changes in the oral mucosa. These changes are clinically assessed by visual inspection and palpation despite their poor accuracy and subjective nature. We hypothesized that non-invasive bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) might be a viable option to improve the diagnostics of potentially malignant lesions.

Alveolar bone remodeling after tooth extraction in irradiated mandible: An experimental study with canine model.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate the morphological and cellular changes in dental extraction socket that has been irradiated after the tooth extraction and to describe morphological characteristics of the osteocytes and osteocyte-lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Material And Methods: Five beagle dogs aged 1-2 years were used in this study. One side of each mandible was irradiated in two sessions and the other side of mandible (non-irradiated) served as a control.

Acid-etching technique of non-decalcified bone samples for visualizing osteocyte-lacuno-canalicular network using scanning electron microscope.

The aim of this study was to define the acid-etching technique for bone samples embedded in polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA) in order to visualize the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human jaw bone tissue samples (N = 18) were collected from the study population consisting of patients having received dental implant surgery. After collection, the bone samples were fixed in 70% ethanol and non-decalcified samples embedded routinely into polymethyl metacrylate (PMMA).

Radiation-induced changes in the microstructure of epithelial cells of the oral mucosa: A comparative light and electron microscopic study.

Objectives: The microplicae is a typical structure of the epithelial cell surface of the oral mucosa. The cell surface is potentially of great significance, as it provides the underlying basis for the protective function of the salivary pellicle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiation therapy affects the surface morphology of the superficial cells of the human oral mucosa in patients who have received radiotherapy for oral cancer.

Objective identification of dental abnormalities with multispectral fluorescence imaging.

Sensitive methods that can enable early detection of dental diseases (caries and calculus) are desirable in clinical practice. Optical spectroscopic approaches have emerged as promising alternatives owing to their wealth of molecular information and lack of sample preparation requirements. In the present study, using multispectral fluorescence imaging, we have demonstrated that dental caries and calculus can be objectively identified on extracted tooth.

Oral mucosal epithelial cells express the membrane anchored mucin MUC1.

Objective: The presence of a stable salivary pellicle (SP) is essential to provide a wet surface for the oral mucosal epithelia. The oral mucosa is covered by the SP which is suggested to be a mixed film of both salivary and epithelial components. Our aim was to analyse the presence of membrane-anchored mucin MUC1 in the oral mucosal epithelia.