Long-term outcome of nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle fracture in children: a multicentre retrospective study.

Purpose: Lateral humeral condyle nonunion in children is a rare condition. The treatment protocol for nonunion of lateral humeral condyle remains controversial due to the potential complication. This study reports long-term functional outcomes of the nonunion of the lateral humeral condyle fracture.

Perioperative blood loss reduction using a sterile exsanguination tourniquet for orthopedic femoral-related surgeries in children: a randomized controlled study.

Objectives: The sterile exsanguination tourniquet (SET) could be an alternative for providing bloodless surgeries in orthopedic femoral-related surgeries in pediatric patients where the standard pneumatic tourniquet would not be feasible. This randomized-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SET in decreasing total perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion.

Methods: We conducted an unplanned interim analysis of data from a randomized-controlled trial.

Predictive factors for recurrence after lower limb deformity correction in hypophosphatemic rickets.

Background: Surgical treatment for severe lower limb deformities in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets has shown satisfactory outcomes. However, the rates of recurrence of deformities after surgical correction were high, and studies on predictive factors of recurrence were limited. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors for the recurrence of lower limb deformities after surgical correction in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets, and the effects of each predictor on the recurrence of deformities.

A long-term outcome (up to 29 years) of bilateral iliac wings "bayonet osteotomies" for closure of bladder exstrophy.

Background: Several types of pelvic osteotomy techniques have been reported and employed by orthopedic surgeons to enhance the approximation of symphyseal diastasis in bladder exstrophy patients. However, there is limited evidence on a long-term follow-up to confirm which osteotomy techniques provide the most suitable and effective outcomes for correcting pelvic deformities. This study aimed to describe the surgical technique of bilateral iliac bayonet osteotomies for correcting pelvic bone without using fixation in bladder exstrophy and to report on the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes following the bayonet osteotomies.

Comparative effectiveness of different pedicle screw density patterns in spinal deformity correction of small and flexible operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.

Purposes: An optimal pedicle screw density for spinal deformity correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains poorly defined. We compared radiographic correction, operative time, estimated blood loss, and implant cost among different screw density patterns in operatively treated AIS patients.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of AIS patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion using all-pedicle screw instrumentation was conducted from January 2012 to December 2018.

A Predictive Score for Infantile Blount Disease Recurrence After Tibial Osteotomy.

Introduction And Objective: Several predictive factors for infantile Blount disease recurrence after tibial osteotomy were discovered. This study aimed to examine and utilize various predictors to develop a prediction score for infantile Blount disease recurrence after tibial osteotomy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infantile Blount disease patients who underwent tibial osteotomy between January 1998 and December 2020.

Is subclassification of Gartland extension-type pediatric supracondylar fracture into types IIA and IIB necessary for treatment decision? A result of pediatric orthopedist's survey and review of literature.

Extension-type pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures are very common. The Gartland classification is typically used to guide treatment. However, there is still no consensus on what factors should be used to subclassify the type II fractures and whether subclassification is needed to guide treatment.

Surgical outcome of scoliosis in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgical scoliosis correction and posterior instrumented fusion in SMF patients.

Methods: A single-center medical database was reviewed to identify MF patients who presented with scoliosis from 2000 to 2015. Patients who underwent spinal fusion surgery were included.

Comparative effectiveness of treatment modalities in severe Legg‑Calvé‑Perthes disease: Systematic review and network meta‑analysis of observational studies.

Purpose: There are several treatment modalities for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), self-limiting, avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in children. Most treatments focus on containment of the weakened femoral head, but there is no consensus on the best modality for severe LCPD. Therefore, we compared the effectiveness of all treatment modalities for severe LCPD.

Comparative Evaluation of the Radiographic Parameters for Screening Early Blount Disease.

Background: Radiographic findings in young children with physiological bowing sometimes difficult to distinguish from early Blount disease. However, early diagnosis of the disease is critical because of the poor treatment outcomes for Blount disease. In this study, we aim to evaluate the accuracy of the metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) compared with the medial metaphyseal beak (MMB) angle for differentiating between physiological bowing and early Blount disease and to determine which parameter to adequately screen for the subsequent development of Blount disease.

Percutaneous hamstring lengthening in cerebral palsy and the risk of neurovascular transection.

Purpose: Percutaneous hamstring lengthening is increasingly popular due to its simplicity, fast recovery rate, and low morbidity. Neurovascular anatomy changes due to knee flexion contracture and the precise proximity of peroneal nerve and Biceps femoris tendon are not well established. This study examined (1) the coronal distance between the peroneal nerve and lateral hamstring tendon ("PLD"), and (2) the distance between the popliteal vessels and medial hamstring tendons ("VMD") to determine the safe distance for percutaneous hamstring lengthening.

Using Combinations of Both Clinical and Radiographic Parameters to Develop a Diagnostic Prediction Model Demonstrated an Excellent Performance in Early Detection of Patients with Blount's Disease.

Early identification of pathological causes for pediatric genu varum (bowlegs) is crucial for preventing a progressive, irreversible knee deformity of the child. This study aims to develop and validate a diagnostic clinical prediction algorithm for assisting physicians in distinguishing an early stage of Blount's disease from the physiologic bowlegs to provide an early treatment that could prevent the progressive, irreversible deformity. The diagnostic prediction model for differentiating an early stage of Blount's disease from the physiologic bowlegs was developed under a retrospective case-control study from 2000 to 2017.

The effects of maximal radial bowing on forearm rotation in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of radial bowing on forearm rotation in forearm fractures compared with healthy children.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1-16 years old. Group 1 was children with history of diaphyseal forearm fractures, and group 2 was healthy children.

Prognostic Factors in Recurrent Congenital Muscular Torticollis.

Introduction: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), primarily resulting from unilateral shortening and fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. One of the common surgical complications is recurrent deformity. However, the associations between unipolar or bipolar release, age of the patient, and the recurrence of the disease are unclear.

Identifying children at high risk for recurrence child abuse.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of abused children, families and abusive event and to identify risk factors associated with recurrence of child abuse.

Methods: Retrospective data from 133 children aged between 2 months to 15 years old who were diagnosed as abuse between year 2002 and 2017. Thirteen items related to characteristics of the child, families, abusive event were selected.

Medial Metaphyseal Beak Angle as a Predictor for Langenskiöld Stage II of Blount's Disease.

Objective: To determine the medial metaphyseal beak (MMB) cut-off angle predicting Langenskiöld stage II of Blount's disease and to study the intra-observer and inter-observer reliabilities of angle measurements and the influence of the experience level of observers.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 2-4 years from January 2000 to December 2017. Children were identified through a computer-based search.

The Role of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition in the Postoperative Outcome of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of surgical intervention with clinical and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in patients who underwent posterior spinal surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with spinal calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (SCPPD) versus that in those who underwent the surgery for LSS without SCPPD.

Overview Of Literature: Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP)-associated arthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis.

Pediatric elbow measurement parameters: Evaluation of the six angles in inter- and intra-observer reliability.

Background: Several radiographic measurements of the humerus can be used to evaluate the treatment outcome of supracondylar fractures in children. Because of the cartilaginous nature of the immature elbow, interpretation of radiographs around this area is sometimes challenging and can be unreliable. This study was conducted to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the six commonly used radiographic measurements of the distal humerus.

Medial Metaphyseal Slope as a Predictor of Recurrence in Blount Disease.

Objective: This study was aimed to find the radiographic parameter predicting recurrence of stage 2 Blount's disease.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed radiographs of 82 legs from 49 patients diagnosed with stage 2 Blount's disease by Langenskiöld classification who had failed brace treatment and underwent valgus osteotomy between 1998 to 2016. Age ranged from 26 to 47 months.

Intra-Observer and Inter-Observer Reliability of Shaft Condylar Angle and Lateral Capitellohumeral Angle: Evaluation Based on Reliability in Different Ages and Levels of Experience.

Objectives: The aims of this paper were: (i) to examine the intra-observer and inter-observer reliability of the shaft-condylar angle (SCA) and the lateral capitellohumeral angle (LCHA); (ii) to study the influence of experience level on the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability; and (iii) to determine the influence of the the age of the patients on reliability.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The study reviewed 81 elbow radiographs.

Allogeneic red cell transfusion and its influence on relevant humoral and cellular immunological parameters: A prospective observational trial.

Background: It is assumed that transfusion of allogeneic red cells is associated with increased peri-operative mortality and morbidity. Also assumed is the theory of transfusion-related immunomodulation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that red cell transfusion specifically leads to an immunological response in surgical patients.

Periarticular large bone defects treatment with ring external fixator.

Background: Joint stiffness and limited bone stock for fixation were the main problems in management of periarticular bone defects. The present study aimed to report clinical and radiographic outcome of periarticular, large (≥8 cm) bone defects treated with ring external fixator.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) who had periarticular bone loss at the minimum of 8 cm were treated with ring external fixator.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of the Posterior and Combined Approaches for Repair of Cervical Fractures in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To evaluate surgical outcomes and complications of cervical spine fractures in ankylosing spondylitis (CAS) patients who were treated using either the posterior (P) or combined approach (C).

Overview Of Literature: Ankylosing spondylitis typically causes progressive spinal stiffness that makes patients susceptible to spinal fractures.

Missed Monteggia fracture dislocations treated by open reduction of the radial head.

Aims: Delayed diagnosis is a well-known complication of a Monteggia fracture-dislocation. If left untreated, the dislocated radial head later becomes symptomatic. The purposes of this study were firstly, to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of open reduction of the radial head and secondly, to identify the factors that may affect the outcome of this procedure.