A 4-year field study monitoring the evolution of Trp574Leu-resistant plants in an Echinochloa crus-galli population under different crop rotation and herbicide programs in maize.

Background: A 4-year experiment evaluated the effects of different integrated weed management (IWM) programs on the evolution of a Echinochloa crus-galli population resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in a maize cropping system. The programs included the continued use of ALS inhibitors, mixing them with alternative herbicides, or without ALS-inhibitors, in all cases under maize monocrop or a biennial crop rotation.

Results: IWM programs that relied solely on non-ALS-inhibitors usually achieved high control levels across years (> 90%).

Cover crops terminated with roller-crimper to manage Cynodon dactylon and other weeds in vineyards.

Background: Using cover crops in organic vineyards can provide many advantages, including weed suppression. However, their effectiveness may depend on the weed community, the cover crop species and the termination method. The most common practice for cover crop termination is shredding, but rapid residue decomposition can allow noxious species like Cynodon dactylon to proliferate during summer and compete with the vines.

Effect of Sprouting on the Phenolic Compounds, Glucosinolates, and Antioxidant Activity of Five (L.) Crantz Cultivars.

Sprouts are increasingly present in the human diet, being tasty and healthy foods high in antioxidant compounds. Although there is a body of literature on the sprouting of many plant species, (L.) Crantz has not yet been studied for this purpose.

Organic Mulches as an Alternative to Conventional Under-Vine Weed Management in Mediterranean Irrigated Vineyards.

Vineyard growth and grape yield can be significantly reduced by weeds, especially when these are located in the under-vine zone. Traditional weed management consists of recurrent tillage, which is associated with soil erosion and high fuel consumption, or herbicide applications, associated with damage to the environment and human health. In order to find alternative weed management methods, three field trials were carried out in Raimat (Lleida, NE Spain) with the aim of evaluating the suppressive effect of four mulches against weeds.

Efficiency, Profitability and Carbon Footprint of Different Management Programs under No-Till to Control Herbicide Resistant .

The present work examines the effects of different integrated weed management (IWM) programs on multiple herbicide-resistant populations in terms of effectiveness, profitability and carbon footprint. With this aim a trial was established in a winter cereal field under no-till in North-Eastern Spain during three consecutive seasons. Four IWM programs with different intensification levels, from less (crop rotation, mechanical control, and no herbicides) to more intense (wheat monoculture with high chemical inputs), were established.

Emergence Patterns of Rare Arable Plants and Conservation Implications.

Knowledge on the emergence patterns of rare arable plants (RAP) is essential to design their conservation in Europe. This study hypothesizes that is possible to find functional groups with similar emergence patterns within RAP with the aim of establishing management strategies. Seeds of 30 different species were collected from Spanish arable fields and sown under two tillage treatments: (a) 1 cm depth without soil disturbance to simulate no-till, and (b) 1-10 cm depth with soil disturbance every autumn to simulate tillage to 10 cm depth.

Seedling emergence response of rare arable plants to soil tillage varies by species.

Very little information is available on emergence of rare arable plants (RAP) in relation to soil disturbance and seed burial conditions in Europe. This information is essential to design conservation and soil management strategies to prevent the decline of these species in agroecosystems. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of soil cultivation with burial time on the emergence and seed persistence of RAP.

Enhanced 2,4-D Metabolism in Two Resistant Populations from Spain.

Corn poppy (), the most problematic broadleaf weed in winter cereals in Southern Europe, has developed resistance to the widely-used herbicide, 2,4-D. The first reported resistance mechanism in this species to 2,4-D was reduced translocation from treated leaves to the rest of the plant. However, the presence of other non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms has not been investigated up to date.

The Role of Light in the Emergence of Weeds: Using Camelina microcarpa as an Example.

When modelling the emergence of weeds, two main factors are considered that condition this process: temperature and soil moisture. Optimum temperature is necessary for metabolic processes that generate energy for growth, while turgor pressure is necessary for root and shoot elongation which eventually leads to seedling emergence from the soil. Most emergence models do not usually consider light as a residual factor, but it could have an important role as it can alter directly or indirectly the dormancy and germination of seeds.