Relevance of Circulating microRNA, and their Association with Islet Cell Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis.

Aims/hypothesis: The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been described, but data remain scarce and conflicting.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential biological involvement of miRNA expression in the immune response and beta cell function in T1D.

Methods: We screened 10 serum miRNAs from 142 subjects divided into three groups: healthy individuals (control group; n = 52) and patients at different stages of T1D progression, from the initial immunological manifestation, presenting islet cell autoantibodies (AbP group; n = 39), to partial and severe beta cell damage in T1D (recent T1D group; n = 51).

Aerobic Exercise Training Protects Against Insulin Resistance, Despite Low-Sodium Diet-Induced Increased Inflammation and Visceral Adiposity.

Dietary sodium restriction increases plasma triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations as well as causing insulin resistance and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1) is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and the inhibition of adipogenesis. The current study investigated whether aerobic exercise training (AET) mitigates or inhibits the adverse effects of dietary sodium restriction on adiposity, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity in periepididymal adipose tissue.

Increased Expression of miR-223-3p and miR-375-3p and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in HDL of Newly Diagnosed Women in Advanced Stages of Breast Cancer.

The expression of inflammation-related miRs bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), the anti-inflammatory activity of HDLs isolated from individuals with breast cancer, and controls were determined. Forty newly diagnosed women with breast cancer naïve of treatment and 10 control participants were included. Cholesterol-loaded bone-marrow-derived macrophages were incubated with HDL from both groups and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Progression of Type 1 Diabetes: Circulating MicroRNA Expression Profiles Changes from Preclinical to Overt Disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential biological involvement of miRNA expression in the immune response and beta cell function in T1D.

Methods: We screened 377 serum miRNAs of 110 subjects divided into four groups: healthy individuals (control group) and patients at different stages of T1D progression, from the initial immunological manifestation presenting islet autoantibodies (AbP group) until partial and strong beta cell damage in the recent (recent T1D group) and long-term T1D, with 2 to 5 years of disease (T1D 2-5y group).

Results: The results revealed 69 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in relation to controls.

Skeletal muscle gene expression in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training - a randomized clinical trial.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training on gene expressions IL-15, ATROGIN-1 and MURF-1 in skeletal muscle of T2D patients.

Methods: Older adults with T2D (n = 39, 60 ± 6.0 years, BMI 33.

Non-invasive methods for iron overload evaluation in dysmetabolic patients.

Introduction: Although hyperferritinemia may reflect the inflammatory status of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), approximately 33% of hyperferritinemia cases reflect real hepatic iron overload.

Aim: To evaluate a non-invasive method for assessing mild iron overload in patients with NAFLD using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry, serum hepcidin, and the expression of ferritin subunits.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD.

Prevalence of Inflammatory Pathways Over Immuno-Tolerance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Changes in innate and adaptive immunity occurring in/around pancreatic islets had been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Caucasian T1D patients by some, but not all researchers. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gene expression patterns of PBMC of the highly admixed Brazilian population could add knowledge about T1D pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods: We assessed global gene expression in PBMC from two groups matched for age, sex and BMI: 20 patients with recent-onset T1D (≤ 6 months from diagnosis, in a time when the autoimmune process is still highly active), testing positive for one or more islet autoantibodies and 20 islet autoantibody-negative healthy controls.

Alcohol Use Disorder is Associated with Upregulation of MicroRNA-34a and MicroRNA-34c in Hippocampal Postmortem Tissue.

Background: To investigate epigenetic mechanisms potentially involved in the cognitive decline associated with chronic alcohol intake, we evaluated the expressions of three micro-RNAs (miR-34a, -34b, and -34c) highly expressed in the hippocampus and involved in neuronal physiology and pathology. MiR-34a participates in functioning and survival of mature neurons; miR-34b is associated with Alzheimer-like disorders; and miR-34c is implicated in the memory impairment of Alzheimer disease in rodents and humans.

Methods: A total of 69 cases were selected from the Biobank for Aging Studies and categorized according to the absence (n = 50) or presence (n = 19) of alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Increased Expression of Circulating microRNA 101-3p in Type 1 Diabetes Patients: New Insights Into miRNA-Regulated Pathophysiological Pathways for Type 1 Diabetes.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are master regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression, and they are often dysregulated in individuals suffering from diabetes. We investigated the roles of miR-101-3p and miR-204-5p, both of which negatively regulate insulin secretion and cell survival and are highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, in the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. Using quantitative real time PCR, we evaluated serum levels of miR-101-3p and miR-204-5p in four groups, including recent-onset T1D patients (T1D group; = 50), individuals with normal glucose levels expressing one islet autoantibody (Ab) (single Ab group; = 26) or multiple autoantibodies (multiple Ab group; = 12), and healthy controls (control group; = 43).

Micro-RNAs 518d-3p and 618 Are Upregulated in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With Multiple Microvascular Complications.

To compare the serum micro-RNAs (miRNAs) profile of individuals with type 1 diabetes without microvascular complications vs. those with multiple severe microvascular complications, in order to identify epigenetically modulated pathways in these two groups of individuals. A total of 10 subjects were selected among individuals followed in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic and sorted according to the absence or presence of all microvascular complications.

Genetic Variations in Sweet Taste Receptor Gene Are Related to Chocolate Powder and Dietary Fiber Intake in Obese Children and Adolescents.

Childhood obesity is a major public health problem. It has a direct impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents, as well as on their future risk of developing chronic diseases. Dietary patterns rich in fats and sugars and lacking dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals, as well as lack of physical exercise have been associated with the rise of obesity prevalence.

Th17 pathway in recent-onset autoimmune diabetes.

Aims: Evaluate the participation of IL-17 pathway in T1D pathogenesis. T helper 17 cells are potent, highly inflammatory cells that produce interleukin 17A (IL-17A), considered a mediator of various immune disorders. However, their role in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis in humans is not totally elucidated.

Importance of Zinc Transporter 8 Autoantibody in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Latin Americans.

Unlabelled: There is a scarcity of data of zinc transporter-8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) on mixed populations such as Brazilian. Therefore, we evaluated the relevance of ZnT8A for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis and the role of ZnT8 coding gene (SLC30A8) in T1D predisposition. Patients with T1D (n = 629; diabetes duration = 11 (6-16) years) and 651 controls were genotyped for SLC30A8 rs16889462 and rs2466295 variants (BeadXpress platform).

The influence of population stratification on genetic markers associated with type 1 diabetes.

Ethnic admixtures may interfere with the definition of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk determinants. The role of HLA, PTPN22, INS-VNTR, and CTLA4 in T1D predisposition was analyzed in Brazilian T1D patients (n = 915), with 81.7% self-reporting as white and 789 controls (65.

Genetic Variation in CD36 Is Associated with Decreased Fat and Sugar Intake in Obese Children and Adolescents.

Background/aims: Taste is recognized as an important predictor of food choices. Thus, polymorphisms in genes encoding taste receptors may explain the variability in food preference and intake. Here, we aimed to determine whether genetic variation in the CD36 gene affects food intake and risk of obesity.

Associations between a common variant near the MC4R gene and serum triglyceride levels in an obese pediatric cohort.

Polymorphisms near the MC4R gene may be related to an increased risk for obesity, but studies of variations in this gene and its relation to cardiometabolic profiles and food intake are scarce and controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the variants rs12970134 and rs17782313 near the MC4R gene in food intake, binge eating (BE) behavior, anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic profile, and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study that included obese children and adolescents.

Lack of association between IL27 gene variants and type 1 diabetes susceptibility.

Background: Recently, a new subpopulation of T cells, the Th17 subset, has been implicated in autoimmune diseases. Its development is influenced by IL-27, expressed in macrophages or dendritic cells. IL-27 blockage delays the onset of diabetes in non obese diabetes mouse, but its role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in human has not been reported yet.

Characterization of the Western blotting IgG reactivity patterns in the clinical phases of acquired syphilis.

We standardized the Western blotting (WB) method for detecting Treponema pallidum IgG (Tp-IgG) antibodies in sera samples of patients with syphilis and correlated the reactivity profile of bands with the clinical phases of the disease. The WB Tp-IgG has 100% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity.