Assessment of a Novel Semi-Automated Algorithm for the Quantification of the Parafoveal Capillary Network.

Introduction: We present a novel semi-automated computerized method for the detection and quantification of parafoveal capillary network (PCN) in fluorescein angiography (FA) images.

Material And Methods: An algorithm detecting the superficial parafoveal capillary bed in high-resolution grayscale FA images and creating a one-pixel-wide PCN skeleton was developed using MatLab software. In addition to PCN detection, capillary density and branch point density in two circular areas centered on the center of the foveal avascular zone of 500μm and 750μm radius was calculated by the algorithm.

Perifoveal capillary network quantification in young diabetic patients with subclinical or no retinopathy.

Objective: To assess the morphology of perifoveal capillary network with quantitative parameters in young patients with diabetes mellitus type I (DM I) using an algorithm.

Methods: Fifty-three images (33 eyes of 33 DM I patients and 20 eyes of 20 non-DM controls) were chosen retrospectively from the University Hospital of Heraklion digital fluorescein angiography database. An additional group consisting of patients with advanced DR abnormalities was included in our analysis to investigate whether our method detects alterations when they are present.

Long-Term Comparison of Simultaneous Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy Followed by Corneal Cross-linking versus Corneal Cross-linking Alone.

Purpose: To compare the results of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) alone with combined simultaneous topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy plus CXL (tPRK-CXL) for progressive keratoconus for a 3-year interval.

Design: Prospective, comparative interventional case series.

Participants: Forty-eight patients (60 eyes) with progressive keratoconus.

Quantification of parafoveal capillary network using a semi-automated algorithm.

Objective: The quantification of the morphology of the parafoveal capillary network (PCN) in fluorescein angiography (FA) images using a novel semi-automated computerized method.

Material And Methods: Using the MatLab R2011 a software we developed an algorithm that detects automatically the parafoveal capillary bed and its branch points as depicted in FA images creating simultaneously an one-pixel-wide skeleton of it. The detection process starts after delineating manually the foveal avascular zone in a cropped 1500μm*1500μm subimage resulting from the original FA image.

Anterior segment applications of in vivo confocal microscopy.

Purpose: To review the current literature on in vivo confocal microscopy anterior segment applications (cornea, conjunctiva, and glaucoma) and discuss its advantages in different pathological conditions.

Methods: Review of selected relevant literature on in vivo confocal microscopy and its different applications.

Results: In vivo confocal microscopy can be used to visualize most layers of the cornea and conjunctiva, providing excellent resolution.

Corneal confocal microscopy findings in sporadic cases of pre-descemet corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: To present corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) findings in a series of patients with pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy (PDCD).

Methods: A 28-year-old man, a 50-year-old man, a 30-year-old woman, and a 31-year-old man were clinically diagnosed with PDCD on slit lamp microscopic evaluation. All patients were evaluated by means of CCM.

Macular retinal and nerve fiber layer thickness in early glaucoma: clinical correlations.

Purpose: Previous studies have evaluated macular retinal thickness (RT) and nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) changes in early glaucoma using elaborate optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning protocols.

Materials And Methods: This study examines RT and RNFLT using standard scanning protocols in early glaucoma. In this prospective, nonrandomized case series, 95 eyes of 95 patients were evaluated, including 29 nonglaucomatous subjects (control group), 34 glaucoma suspects, and 32 early manifest glaucoma patients.

Posterior linear stromal haze formation after simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy followed by corneal collagen cross-linking.

Purpose: To report the development of posterior linear stromal haze after simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) followed by corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

Methods: Combined simultaneous customized PRK followed by corneal collagen cross-linking was performed in 23 patients (28 eyes) with keratoconus. Corneas were examined biomicroscopically and by means of confocal microscopy before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery.

Interface Haze Formation After Ultra Thin Flap Laser in Situ Keratomileusis.

In this case series, five patients (10 eyes) underwent laser in siter keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of moderate myopia and astigmatism with the Schwind Carriazo Pendular microkeratome 90 mum head. Flap (superior hinged) thickness measured intraoperatively was assessed less than 70 mum in all eyes. On first month's postoperative examination, subepithelial mild corneal haze with consequent myopic regression was found in all patients.

Nine-year follow-up of intacs implantation for keratoconus.

Purpose: To present a case of nine- year bilateral Intacs (Addition Technology, Inc, Fremont, California, USA) implantation for early stage keratoconus.

Methods: A 25-year-old male underwent bilateral Intacs implantation for the management of keratoconus and hardcontact-lens intolerance (stage 1) in 1999.

Results: Nine years postoperatively, spherical equivalent refraction changed from preoperative -0.

Diffuse lamellar keratitis after corneal crosslinking in a patient with post-laser in situ keratomileusis corneal ectasia.

A 27-year-old man presented with corneal ectasia in his left eye 4 years after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and was treated with riboflavin-ultraviolet-A (crosslinking). During the first post-treatment days, diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) (stage III) developed. The microbiology culture was negative.

Fifteen-year follow-up after LASIK: case report.

Purpose: To present 15-year follow-up of one of the first LASIK-treated patients.

Methods: A 40-year-old woman underwent LASIK in the left eye for myopia in July 1991.

Results: Fifteen years after LASIK, spherical equivalent error was statistically significantly reduced from preoperative -8.

Nine-year follow-up of a posterior chamber phakic IOL in one eye and LASIK in the fellow eye of the same patient.

Purpose: To compare the long-term results (9 years) of LASIK in one eye and phakic intraocular lens (implantable contact lens [ICL]) implantation in the fellow eye of the same patient.

Methods: A patient with high myopia underwent LASIK with a MEL 60 excimer laser in one eye (spherical equivalent refraction -9.75 diopters [D], 5-mm optical zone with no transition zone) and phakic intraocular lens (STAAR Collamer implantable contact lens [ICL]) implantation (spherical equivalent refraction -9.

Herpetic keratitis with iritis after corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A for keratoconus.

A 21-year-old woman had crosslinking for keratoconus in the right eye; the left eye was scheduled for penetrating keratoplasty. Five days postoperatively, she presented with geographic epithelial keratitis and iritis. Analysis of tear samples by polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis.

Endothelial cell density after photorefractive keratectomy for moderate myopia using a 213 nm solid-state laser system.

Purpose: To evaluate whether photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for moderate myopia using a solid-state laser with a wavelength of 213 nm alters the corneal endothelial cell density.

Setting: University refractive surgery center.

Methods: The corneal endothelium was analyzed preoperatively and 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using corneal confocal microscopy (modified HRT II with a Rostock Cornea Module, Heidelberg Engineering) in 60 eyes (30 patients).

Idiopathic recurrence of diffuse lamellar keratitis after LASIK.

Purpose: To report a case of late recurrence of bilateral diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after LASIK.

Methods: A 39-year-old woman presented in the early postoperative period with bilateral DLK after hyperopic LASIK and was treated with topical steroids. One year after and with no obvious cause (idiopathic), recurrence of the same stage (stage III) of disease was observed.

Long-term results of thin corneas after refractive laser surgery.

Purpose: To report the long-term refractive results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in patients with thin corneas.

Design: A long-term, retrospective, non-randomized follow-up study.

Methods: Sixty-three patients (124 eyes) (28 males and 35 females), who had a preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) of less than 500 microns and completed at least one year of follow-up examinations after surgery.

One-year results of photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia using a 213 nm wavelength solid-state laser.

Purpose: To study the long-term results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in low to moderate myopic corrections using the Pulzar Z1 system (CustomVis), a 213 nm wavelength solid-state laser.

Setting: University refractive surgery center.

Methods: This prospective noncomparative case series comprised 20 patients (40 eyes) who had refractive surgery using the Pulzar Z1 laser system.

Unilateral corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis in a patient with uncomplicated photorefractive keratectomy in the fellow eye.

We report a patient treated for low myopia with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in one eye and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the fellow eye. Corneal ectasia developed in the LASIK-treated eye. Preoperative corneal pachymetry, topography, and attempted correction were similar in both eyes.

Eleven-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To report the long-term (11-year) outcomes (stability and complications) of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in patients with high myopia.

Setting: University refractive surgery center.

Methods: Seven patients (4 with bilateral treatment and 3 with unilateral treatment) who had myopic LASIK and completed 11 years of follow-up were included in the study.

Long-term follow-up of Intacs in keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term follow-up of Intacs microthin prescription inserts (Addition Technology, Inc, Fremont, California, USA) for the management of keratoconus.

Design: A long-term (five years) retrospective, follow-up study.

Methods: Seventeen eyes of 15 patients with keratoconus ages 24 to 52 years (mean age +/- standard deviation [SD], 34.

Long-term follow-up of Intacs for post-LASIK corneal ectasia.

Objective: To report long-term follow-up of Intacs microthin prescription inserts for the management of post-LASIK corneal ectasia.

Design: Long-term (5 years), retrospective, nonrandomized study.

Participants: Eight eyes of 5 patients with post-LASIK corneal ectasia (3 men and 2 women) ages 31 to 54 years (mean age+/-standard deviation [SD], 41.

Long-term results of superficial laser in situ keratomileusis after ultrathin flap creation.

Purpose: To study the long-term efficacy, safety, and stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) after unintentional ultrathin flap creation less than 80 mum.

Setting: University refractive surgery center.

Methods: This retrospective case series comprised 25 patients (33 eyes) who had LASIK after flap creation less than 80 mum with the Moria M2 disposable microkeratome (head 90 microm).

The reflectance of single cones in the living human eye.

Purpose: Individual cones were imaged in the living human eye with the Rochester adaptive optics ophthalmoscope. In all eyes, there were large differences in the reflectance of different cones, even when all the photopigment was bleached. To help understand what produces this spatial variation, the investigators explored whether it is a static or a dynamic property of the cone mosaic.