Generative adversarial networks for spine imaging: A critical review of current applications.

Purpose: In recent years, the field of medical imaging has witnessed remarkable advancements, with innovative technologies which revolutionized the visualization and analysis of the human spine. Among the groundbreaking developments in medical imaging, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have emerged as a transformative tool, offering unprecedented possibilities in enhancing spinal imaging techniques and diagnostic outcomes. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of GANs in spinal imaging, and to emphasize their potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of spine-related disorders.

Anatomy and terminology of groin pain: Current concepts.

Groin pain is a common symptom in athletes. The complex anatomy of the area and the various terms used to describe the etiology behind groin pain have led to a confusing nomenclature. To solve this problem, three consensus statements have been already published in the literature: the Manchester Position Statement in 2014, the Doha agreement in 2015, and the Italian Consensus in 2016.

The Impact of Distance Learning and COVID-19 Lockdown on Students' Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Health.

Purpose: During the past two years, in most institutions worldwide, educational activities were remodeled for remote delivery, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of two-year distance learning on the physical activity and musculoskeletal health of university students.

Methods: This was a national, cross-sectional study using data collected via an online questionnaire distributed through university communication platforms, which included questions on online education routines, musculoskeletal health, and physical activity of university students.

Deep Learning for the Differential Diagnosis between Transient Osteoporosis and Avascular Necrosis of the Hip.

Differential diagnosis between avascular necrosis (AVN) and transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) can be complicated even for experienced MSK radiologists. Our study attempted to use MR images in order to develop a deep learning methodology with the use of transfer learning and a convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble, for the accurate differentiation between the two diseases. An augmented dataset of 210 hips with TOH and 210 hips with AVN was used to finetune three ImageNet-trained CNNs (VGG-16, InceptionResNetV2, and InceptionV3).

Differentiation between subchondral insufficiency fractures and advanced osteoarthritis of the knee using transfer learning and an ensemble of convolutional neural networks.

Purpose: Subchondral insufficiency fractures (SIF) and advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee are usually seen in conjunction with bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and their differentiation may pose a significant diagnostic challenge. We aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble which could successfully differentiate between these two entities.

Materials And Methods: A total of 212 knees with SIF and 102 knees with advanced OA with BMLs were retrospectively included.

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments Mechanoreceptors: A Review of Basic Science.

Proprioception is a specialized sensory modality encompassing the movement of the joint and its position in space, and it involves the conversion of mechanical deformation of tissues into neural signals. Mechanoreceptors are specialized nerve structures able to transmit mechanical deformation through electrical signals to dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons and are abundant in the muscles, tendons and ligaments of the knee joint. They are believed to play an important role in knee proprioception and dynamic knee stability.

A Review of the Outcomes of the Implementation of Case-Based Anatomy Learning.

Purpose: Clinically-oriented anatomy education has been proposed as an effective strategy in anatomy curricula. We aimed to explore the level of extent the literature supports the fact that case-based learning (CBL) can play a significant role in anatomy education.

Materials And Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and Cochrane database to find articles with the purpose to explore the educational outcomes of case-based anatomy learning.

Surgical and Radiological Anatomy of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cadaveric Study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the measurement of several anatomical features of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by direct fashion during dissection. We hypothesized that the measurements between these two techniques would agree. MRI of 30 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees was followed by dissection.

Surgical Implications of the Arterial Anatomy around the Knee: A Cadaveric Pictorial Essay.

We completed an anatomic cadaver study in order to examine the arterial supply around the knee and to create useful images regarding the arterial surgical anatomy around the knee. A total of four unmatched fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were utilized. There was no medical history of osteoporosis, bony or soft-tissue injury or surgery in any of the knees.

Knee Capsule Anatomy: An MR Imaging and Cadaveric Study.

This research focuses on the anatomical insertion of the synovial capsule around the knee. The attachments of the capsule were measured in 50 knee MR imaging studies with large intraarticular effusion. Corresponding measurements were performed in 20 fresh frozen cadaveric specimens, for validation.

Clinical and Radiological Outcomes After Isolated Anterior Horn Repair of Medial and Lateral Meniscus at 24 Months' Follow-up, With the Outside-In Technique.

Background The effects of repair of isolated anterior horn meniscus lesions have not been thoroughly described in the literature. We aimed to evaluate outcomes with subjective clinical scores and imaging modalities after repair of isolated anterior horn tears, at 24 months' follow-up. Methods Records of all patients that opted for surgical repair of isolated, anterior horn tears of the medial and lateral meniscus were retrospectively reviewed, between 2016 and 2018.

Biomechanical comparison of two medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction techniques: Quadriceps tendon fixation versus single-tunnel patella fixation with gracilis autograft did not differ in load to failure and stiffness.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultimate failure load and stiffness of two patellar fixation techniques for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction: (1) quadriceps tendon fixation (QT), (2) single tunnel (STG) patella fixation with gracilis autograft.

Methods: A total of 16 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (eight matched pairs) were randomized into two groups (QT vs. STG).

Radiomics and Machine Learning Can Differentiate Transient Osteoporosis from Avascular Necrosis of the Hip.

Differentiation between transient osteoporosis (TOH) and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip is a longstanding challenge in musculoskeletal radiology. The purpose of this study was to utilize MRI-based radiomics and machine learning (ML) for accurate differentiation between the two entities. A total of 109 hips with TOH and 104 hips with AVN were retrospectively included.

Description and Validation of an Innovative and Effective Hand-Shaped Suture-Training Model for Medical Students.

During medical education, medical students are often frustrated by difficulties in translating theoretical anatomical knowledge and basic surgical skills (suturing, tissue and instrument handling, and local anesthetic administration) into practice. A common etiological factor for this difficulty, among others, is lack of a low-cost and easy-to-assemble low fidelity suturing model. The purpose of this study is the demonstration of a validated, practical, inexpensive, hand-shaped anatomy training model.

Simultaneous bilateral posteromedial tibial epiphysis stress fractures in a healthy young man: A case report.

We present a compelling case of simultaneous, bilateral tibial stress fractures occurring in a unique epiphyseal and posterior location, with unclear aetiology. An overweight, Caucasian male in his late 20s developed synchronous bilateral medial knee pain following an intense 10-day training regimen. His radiographies were normal, but MRI revealed almost identical bilateral stress fracture lines in the posteromedial tibial epiphyses.

A Single-Center Surgical Experience With the Reverse Sural Artery Flap as a Reliable Solution for Lower Leg Soft Tissue Defects, With Minimum Two-Year Follow-Up.

Aim: Small soft tissue defects of the distal tibia and hindfoot resulting from traumatic, operative, or neoplastic conditions and chronic ulcers can be successfully dealt with the use of the reverse sural artery flap (RSAF). This study aims to describe a single center's results and familiarity with this technique over a 15-year period of time.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical files of patients who were consecutively treated with RSAF and regularly followed up between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2018, with a minimum postoperative follow-up period of two years.

Atypical presentation of an intra-articular osteoid osteoma in the proximal humerus excised with arthroscopy: a case report.

An adult man presented with a 5-month history of anterior right shoulder pain. He denied previous trauma or night pain. On the otherwise normal physical examination, pain was elicited in maximum abduction and external rotation.

Long-Term Functional Results of Intra- and Extra-Articular Hand Fractures Treatment With Titanium Miniature Plates and Screws With Minimum Follow-Up of 24 Months.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of an extended range of hand fractures treated with titanium, low profile plates, and screws. Materials and methods This retrospective study included adult patients with at least one phalangeal and/or metacarpal fracture, treated with mini titanium plates and screws, between 2004-2016, in a single trauma center, that were followed-up for at least 24 months and with complete, intact medical records. Results 90 patients (79 men and 11 women) with 114 hand (46 phalangeal, 68 metacarpal) fractures fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

University Students Perception of Online Education: Is Engagement Enough?

Background: Universities have halted non-essential services, with many restricting campus-based teaching, and continuing courses through online resources, including (controversially) lab-work. Such technologically enhanced approaches have been proven to have high levels of engagement among university students.

Objective: This study focuses on the perception of quality of online learning by first-year university students, between two semesters, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

A New Alternative Surgical Treatment of Hallux Valgus, in Moderate to Severe Cases of the Disease With a Two-and-a-Half-Year Follow-Up.

The study aims to evaluate the treatment of moderate to severe forms of hallux valgus with the lowest invasiveness in soft tissues and especially with an alternative modified Chevron osteotomy of the first metatarsal. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of the modified McBride procedure (capsuloplasty and release of specific concrete soft tissue structures) and the importance of the soft tissue manipulation in the particular surgery intra-operatively, as well as postoperative medical and personal care and duration of rehabilitation. Patients with an average age 58 years (range 51-65), who underwent a Chevron type osteotomy with combination of soft tissues interventions laterally and medially of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, for symptoms they had of systematic hallux valgus without any other degenerative problems in metatarsophalangeal joint between 2017 to the beginning of 2018, were retrospectively reviewed with an average follow-up of 29 months (range 26-31).

A computed tomography cadaveric study of the radiological anatomy of the patella: the size of the patella correlates with bone bridge between tunnels and R angles are introduced for safe tunnel drilling during MPFL reconstruction.

Purpose: To measure the safe range of angles during tunnel drilling and map ideal patella tunnel placement with the use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan and compare results after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using a hardware-free patellar fixation technique with two semi-patellar tunnels between a) a free-hand technique, and b) its modification with the use of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibia aiming device.

Methods: CT scan was performed on 30 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees a) prior to any intervention and b) after MPFL reconstruction. For MPFL reconstruction, specimens were randomly allocated to 1) Group A, which consisted of knees operated with free-hand, hardware-free patellar fixation technique with two semi-patellar tunnels and 2) Group B, which consisted of knees operated on with a technique modification with the ACL tibia device.

Musculoskeletal anatomy: evaluation and comparison of common teaching and learning modalities.

Anatomy teaching has traditionally been based on dissection. However, alternative teaching modalities constantly emerge, the use of which along with a decrease in teaching hours has brought the anatomy knowledge of students and young doctors into question. In this way, the goal of the present study is to a.