Comparison of state-of-the-art biopsy systems for ultrasound-guided breast biopsy using a chicken breast phantom.

Purpose: To compare different biopsy systems with different-sized needles by determining the weight of the tissue cores, which is one of the important factors for precise pathological diagnoses, and to provide a rationale for choosing the appropriate breast biopsy system with the appropriate needle for breast cancer biopsy.

Methods: Six different vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) systems and one core needle biopsy (CNB) system with different-sized needles in different modes were compared, representing 15 total combinations. Tissue cores were obtained from a chicken breast phantom, which is a common substitute for human breast tissue.

Arterial Calcification Disappearance in Breast Imaging: A Key Indicator for Transition to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.

A woman in her 70s, initially suspected of having fibroadenoma due to a well-defined mass in her breast, underwent regular mammography and ultrasound screenings. Over several years, no appreciable alterations in the mass were observed, maintaining the fibroadenoma diagnosis. However, in the fourth year, an ultrasound indicated slight enlargement and peripheral irregularities in the mass, even though the mammography images at that time showed no alterations.

Clinical Utility of Breast Ultrasound Images Synthesized by a Generative Adversarial Network.

Background And Objectives: This study compares the clinical properties of original breast ultrasound images and those synthesized by a generative adversarial network (GAN) to assess the clinical usefulness of GAN-synthesized images.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected approximately 200 breast ultrasound images for each of five representative histological tissue types (cyst, fibroadenoma, scirrhous, solid, and tubule-forming invasive ductal carcinomas) as training images. A deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) image-generation model synthesized images of the five histological types.

Comparison of the clinical and pathological characteristics of ultrasound-guided biopsy for breast masses and non-mass lesions between 16-gauge spring-loaded core needle biopsy and 12-gauge spring-loaded vacuum-assisted biopsy.

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast masses and non-mass lesions that underwent ultrasound (US)-guided 16-gauge spring-loaded core needle biopsy (CNB) or 12-gauge spring-loaded vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB).

Methods: We retrospectively compared the results from US-guided diagnostic breast biopsy performed with a 16-gauge CNB (Magnum™) or a 12-gauge VAB (Celero). The patients' backgrounds and pathological features for each device were examined.

Bromovalerylurea modulates GABA receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission while inducing sleep.

Bromovalerylurea (BU), an acyl urea derivative, was originally developed as a hypnotic/sedative. We recently reported that BU at a dose of 50 mg/kg ameliorates sepsis, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury in Wistar rat models through its anti-inflammatory actions on microglia and macrophages. However, since BU was developed more than 100 years ago, its hypnotic mechanism and characteristics are poorly understood.

Microglial re-modeling contributes to recovery from ischemic injury of rat brain: A study using a cytokine mixture containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and permanent disability. Chronic stroke lesions increase gradually due to the secondary neuroinflammation that occurs following acute ischemic neuronal degeneration. In this study, the ameliorating effect of a cytokine mixture consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-3 was evaluated on ischemic brain injury using a rat stroke model prepared by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).

Mechanism for the photodegradation of 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene in the presence of air.

The photoreactivity of anthracene has been previously verified for a range of its derivatives. 9,10-Dibutoxyanthracene is commonly used as an electron transfer sensitizer for photopolymerization because of its favorable optical properties. This study experimentally demonstrated that 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene produces an endoperoxide species upon reaction with the oxygen present in air.

Dynamic Changes in the Bacterial Community and Metabolic Profile during Fermentation of Low-Salt Shrimp Paste (Terasi).

Low-salt shrimp paste, or terasi, is an Indonesian fermented food made from planktonic shrimp mixed with a low concentration of salt. Since high daily intake of sodium is deemed unhealthy, reduction of salt content in shrimp paste production is desired. Until now, there is no reported investigation on the bacterial population and metabolite composition of terasi during fermentation.

Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in food science and technology.

Metabolomics is a tool used for quantitative assessment of metabolites that has been applied extensively in the field of food science. Recently, metabolomics-based gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is becoming a common tool for analyzing, not only volatile compounds, but also non-volatile compounds due to the development of various derivatization methods. Although several studies have reviewed the application of metabolomics in food science, this present review article specifically focuses on metabolomics research using GC/MS for analysis of non-volatile compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids.

Syndecan-1 downregulates syndecan-4 expression by suppressing the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in cultured vascular endothelial cells.

Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 are members of the syndecan family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Vascular endothelial cells synthesize both species of proteoglycans and use them to regulate the blood coagulation-fibrinolytic system and their proliferation their heparin-like activity and FGF-2 binding activity, respectively. However, little is known about the crosstalk between the expressions of the proteoglycan species.

Synaptic elimination by microglia and disturbed higher brain functions.

Microglial cells in normal mature brains have long been considered to be cells that are resting until pathological events take place, activating the microglial cells. However, it is currently well known that the microglia that have resting ramified morphology in normal mature brains move actively in the brain parenchyma and phagocytose synapses, thus forming and maintaining neural circuits. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of microglia in mature brains, with special reference to phagocytosis of synapses and higher brain functions.

Lister hooded rats as a novel animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Appropriate animal models are necessary to determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study used a battery of behavioral tests to compare Lister hooded rats (LHRs), an old outbred strain frequently used for autistic epilepsy research, with Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a commonly used ADHD model. The open field, elevated plus maze, light/dark box, and drop tests demonstrated that LHRs were the most hyperactive animals and displayed the most inattentive- and impulsive-like behaviors, which are characteristics of ADHD.

Morning Mastication Enhances Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Subjects.

Postprandial glucose concentration is dependent on the time of day and its concentration in the morning is lower than in the evening. However, whether it is dependent on mastication at different times of the day has not been studied before. We hypothesized that mastication affects insulin-mediated glucose metabolism differently in the morning and evening in healthy individuals.

Time course and localization of brain activity in humor comprehension: An ERP/sLORETA study.

Although a number of studies have investigated the incongruity-detection and resolution process in humor comprehension, it is difficult to functionally and anatomically dissociate these processes. We used event-related potentials (ERP) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA) to examine the time course and localization of brain activity during incongruity detection and resolution. We used the same materials as in our previous fMRI study.

[SIX CASES OF WHEAT-DEPENDENT EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN].

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is often reported in adults for whom the specific IgE to ω-5 gliadin can be a useful diagnostic test. However, few cases of WDEIA in children have been reported. We herein report six cases (aged 7-16 years) of children with WDEIA, who had no clinical history of immediate-type wheat allergy but who were diagnosed by a wheat ingestion + exercise provocation test.

The relationship between the season of birth and early-onset food allergies in children.

Background: This study examined the relationship between the season of birth (SoB) and other factors with the development of FA.

Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional pilot study recruited 1197 patients with FA. The main study recruited 440 incident cases (FA group) definitively diagnosed as FA at 0-1 year of age.