Equol production capability and family history as risk factors for hand osteoarthritis in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Cross-sectional study.

Background: Hand disorders are common in menopausal women. Equol is a soy metabolite produced in humans and its production level differs among individuals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the correlative relationship between variables indicating equol production levels and the occurrence of hand disorders in menopausal and postmenopausal women.

Distal finger reconstruction technique combining a distally-based finger flap and a partial toe flap.

Background: Although aesthetic reconstruction of an amputated distal finger can be achieved through partial toe transfer, this approach often damages the weight-bearing region of the toe from which the flap is harvested. The purpose of this report is to introduce the minimum invasive surgery technique to reconstruct the distal finger aesthetically without damaging the weight-bearing region of the toe.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-one amputated fingertips in 30 patients aged 18 to 68 years were treated using this operative technique.